Daily and Peak 1 h Indoor Air Pollution and Driving Factors in a Rural Chinese Village

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• 作者：Susan L. Fischer ; Catherine P. Koshland
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2007
• 出版时间：May 1, 2007
• 年：2007
• 卷：41
• 期：9
• 页码：3121 - 3126
• 全文大小：210K
• 年卷期：v.41,no.9(May 1, 2007)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

We investigate wintertime indoor air quality and personalexposures to carbon monoxide (CO) in a rural village inJilin province, where relatively homogeneous climatic andsociocultural factors facilitate investigation of householdstructural, fuel-related, and behavioral determinants of airpollution as well as relationships between differentmeasures of air quality. Our time-resolved wintertimemeasurements of carbon monoxide and respirable particles(RSP) enable exploration of peak pollution periods in avillage in Jilin Province, China, characterized by householduse of both coal and biomass, as well as several"improved" (gas or electric) fuels. Our data indicate a6-fold increase in peak 1 h PM (1.9 mg/m³) concentrationsrelative to 24 h mean PM (0.31 mg/m³). Peak 1 h COconcentrations (20.5 ppm) routinely approached and often(27%) exceeded the World Health Organization's 1 hguideline of 26 ppm, although the vast majority (95%) ofkitchens were within China's residential indoor air qualityguideline for CO on a 24 h basis. Choice of heating fueland household smoking status were significant predictorsof indoor air quality. Whether solid or "improved" (gasor electric) fuel was used for cooking had an even strongereffect, but in the opposite direction from expected, onboth peak and daily average measures of air pollution. Peakpollution period concentrations of CO and PM werestrongly correlated to daily concentrations of CO andRSP, respectively. Our results suggest that due to the primaryrole of heating as a determinant of wintertime indoor airquality in northern Chinese villages, health-orientedinterventions limited to provision of improved cooking fuelare insufficient. Our results illustrate that peak pollutionperiods may routinely exceed exposure regulationsand evacuation limits, although this and previous studiesdocument typical 24 h CO concentrations in rural Chinesekitchens to be within guidelines. Within a given villageand for a given pollutant, daily pollutant concentrations maybe strong predictors of peak pollution period concentrations.