孔间地震探测的标准试验方法

详细信息   

• 标准号：ASTM D4428/D4428M-2007
• 发布日期：2007
• 英文题名：Standard Test Methods for Crosshole Seismic Testing
• 英文主题词：accelerometers ; compression wave ; geophones ; machine foundations ; seismic waves ; shear waves ; wave velocity
• 标准状态：现行
• 发布单位：US-ASTM
• 国际标准分类号：93.020
• 载体形态：11P.;A4
• 中国标准分类号：P13
• 国别：美国材料与试验协会

文摘

The seismic crosshole method provides a designer with information pertinent to the seismic wave velocities of the materials in question (1).² This data may be used as input into static/dynamic analyses, as a means for computing shear modulus, Youngrsquo;modulus, and Poissonrsquo;ratio, or simply for the determination of anomalies that might exist between boreholes.

Fundamental assumptions inherent in the test methods are as follows:

5.2.1 Horizontal layering is assumed.

5.2.2 Snellrsquo;laws of refraction will apply. If Snellrsquo;laws of refraction are not applied, velocities obtained will be unreliable.

1.1 These test methods are limited to the determination of horizontally traveling compression (P) and shear (S) seismic waves at test sites consisting primarily of soil materials (as opposed to rock). A preferred test method intended for use on critical projects where the highest quality data must be obtained is included. Also included is an optional method intended for use on projects which do not require measurements of a high degree of precision.

1.2 Various applications of the data will be addressed and acceptable interpretation procedures and equipment, such as seismic sources, receivers, and recording systems will be discussed. Other items addressed include borehole spacing, drilling, casing, grouting, deviation surveys, and actual test conduct. Data reduction and interpretation is limited to the identification of various seismic wave types, apparent velocity relation to true velocity, example computations, effective borehole spacing, use of Snell''s law of refraction, assumptions, and computer programs.

1.3 It is important to note that more than one acceptable device can be used to generate a high-quality P wave or S wave, or both. Further, several types of commercially available receivers and recording systems can also be used to conduct an acceptable crosshole survey. Consequently, these test methods primarily concern the actual test procedure, data interpretation, and specifications for equipment which will yield uniform test results.

1.4 All recorded and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.

1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in these test methods are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.

1.4.2 Measurements made to more significant digits or better sensitivity than specified in these test methods shall not be regarded a nonconformance with this standard.

1.5 These test methods are written using SI units. Inch-pound units are provided for convenience. The values stated in inch pound units may not be exact equivalents; therefore, they shall be used independently of the SI system. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with these test methods.

1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.

1.5.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both ......