Based on a set of 1 127 modern surface pollen assemblages from China and NASA MODIS 500 m resolution image, this paper presents the preliminary reconstructions of vegetation cover of China using modern analog technique. Trees, herbs and bare land coverage data were extracted from MODIS images. A total of 64 pollen types were selected for estimating the vegetation cover. The modeling result shows that the evaluated vegetation covers based on pollen data were coherent with the observed value of MODIS, and the correlation coefficient is reliable and significant: the bare cover is as high as 0.99, the tree cover is 0.97 and the herbs 0.95. As a result, the vegetation cover can be accurately simulated with MAT technique based on Chinese modern surface pollen dataset.