Andaman Sea in Bruma is one of the major foreign exploration regions for oil companies of China. The main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation were summarized by analyzing the source rock, reservoir, trap, migration pathway and the histories of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation in Back-arc Depression of Andaman Sea. The results suggested that carbonate reefs on the western slope and island arc and large faulted anticline trap on inheritable palaeohigh in the eastern slope could be the favorable exploration targets.