A continuous record from the Dongtinghu Lake is presented in this work. The authors provide detailed evidence of particle size, magnetic capacity and pollen analysis of ZK01 core that reveals the changes of lake’s environment and climate since 6 000 a B.P.. The results reveal that hydrological environment and climate change evidently affected the process of regional ancient culture and history. Particularly, the changes of hydrological environment and climate maybe were the main fading reason of prehistoric civilization in Dongtinghu area. Since 1 000 a B.P., human activities such as embankment and reclamation in the banks of Yangtze River affected obviously the evolution history of flow and sediment process and river-lake environment in Dongtinghu region.