青藏高原东北缘地壳三维速度结构
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摘要
本文用1980~2000年M≥1.5的2 032个天然地震事件的38 052个-P-、S、Pm、Sm、Pn和Sn震相到时及人工地震测深给出的Moho面形态资料,利用地震层析技术反演了32°~40°N,100°~108°E区域内地壳地震波速度结构.从层析成像图象中可以得到,本区的地壳可分成4个层位.第1层(埋深约在0~3 km)为沉积层,速度梯度约为0.2s-1;第2层(埋深约在3~17 km)为上地壳,其顶部速度梯度约为0.1 s-1,下部速度横向变化较大且存在低速块体;第3层(埋深约在17~36 km)为中地壳,速度梯度约为0.03 s-1;第4层(埋深约在36 km—Moho)为下地壳,是一个契形层,总的趋势是西厚东薄,青藏高原较厚逐渐向鄂尔多斯地块和扬子准地台方向变薄,各处的地震波速度梯度不尽相同.
This paper presents the three-dimensional crustal seismic wave velocity structure in the region 32°~40°N,100°~108°E reconstructed through seismic tomographic inversion.We use 38 052 arrival time data of,,P_m,S_m,P_n and S_n phases recorded from 2 032 earthquakes with M≥1.5 occurred from 1980 to 2000 and the Moho interface topography data from deep seismic sounding.The 3-D tomographic image clearly reveals that the crust structure of this region consists of four layers.The top layer(about 0~3 km) has a velocity gradient about 0.2 s~(-1) that corresponds to the sediments.The second layer(about 3~17 km) is the upper crust with a velocity gradient about 0.1 s~(-1) at top and relative large lateral velocity variation as well as lower velocity blocks at bottom.The third layer(about 17~36 km) is the middle crust with velocity gradient 0.03 s~(-1).The lower crust forms the fourth layer(about 36 km-Moho),which is thick in the west and thin in the east.The thickness of this layer gradually reduces from the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau to the Erdos platform and the Yangtze paraplatform with different velocity gradient at different location.
This paper presents the three-dimensional crustal seismic wave velocity structure in the region 32°~40°N,100°~108°E reconstructed through seismic tomographic inversion.We use 38 052 arrival time data of,,P_m,S_m,P_n and S_n phases recorded from 2 032 earthquakes with M≥1.5 occurred from 1980 to 2000 and the Moho interface topography data from deep seismic sounding.The 3-D tomographic image clearly reveals that the crust structure of this region consists of four layers.The top layer(about 0~3 km) has a velocity gradient about 0.2 s~(-1) that corresponds to the sediments.The second layer(about 3~17 km) is the upper crust with a velocity gradient about 0.1 s~(-1) at top and relative large lateral velocity variation as well as lower velocity blocks at bottom.The third layer(about 17~36 km) is the middle crust with velocity gradient 0.03 s~(-1).The lower crust forms the fourth layer(about 36 km-Moho),which is thick in the west and thin in the east.The thickness of this layer gradually reduces from the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau to the Erdos platform and the Yangtze paraplatform with different velocity gradient at different location.
引文
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[6]孙武城,徐杰,杨主恩,等.上海奉贤至内蒙古阿拉善左旗地学断面[M].北京:地震出版社,1992,32~33.SUN Wucheng,YU Jie,YANG Zhuen,et al.The geologicaldiscontinuity from Fengxia of Shanghai to Alasazhuqi of innerMongolia[M].Beijin:Seismological Press,1992,32~33.
[7]闵祥仪,周民都,郭建康,等.灵台—阿木去乎剖面地壳速度结构[J].西北地震学报,1991,13(增刊):29~36.MIN Xiangyi,ZHOU Mindu,Guo Jiankang,et al.The crustvelocity structure in Lingtai-Amuquhuprofile[J].Northwest-ern Seismologicl Journa,1991,13(Supp):29~36.
[8]李清河,郭建康,周民都,等.成县—西吉剖面地壳速度结构[J].西北地震学报,1991,13(增刊):37~43.LI Qinghe,GUO Jiankang,ZHOU Mindu,et al.The velocitystructure of Chengxian-Xiji profile[J].Northwestern Seis-mologicl Journal,1991,13(Supp):37~43.
[9]李松林,张先康,张成科,等.玛沁—兰州—靖边地震测深剖面速度结构的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2):210~217.LI Songlin,ZHANG Xiankang,ZHANG Cengke,et al.Thepreliminary study on the crustal structure of the Maqin-Lanzhou-Jingbian seismic sounding profile[J].Chinese Journalof Geophysics,2002,45(2):210~217.
[10]地质矿产部第二综合物理勘探大队.青海花石峡—四川简阳深地震测深剖面研究报告[C].西安:1991.THE Second Geophysical Exploration Team of the Geologicaland Mineral Ministry of China.Research report of Huashixia-Jianyang deep seismic sounding profile[C].Xian:1991.
[11]任纪舜,姜春发,张正坤,等.中国大陆构造及其演化[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.REN Jisun,JIANG Chunfa,ZHANG Zhengkun,et al.Chi-na continental geotectonic structure and its evolution[M].Beijing:Science.Publishing house,1983.
[12]刘增乾,徐宪,潘桂棠,等.青藏高原大地构造与形成演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.LIU Zengqian,XU Xian,PAN Guitang,et al.Tectonics,geological evolution and genetic mechanism of Qinghai-Xizangplateau[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing house,1990.
[13]周江羽,王江海,尹安,等.青藏东北缘早第三纪盆地充填的沉积型式及构造背景———以囊谦和下拉秀盆地为例[J].沉积学报,2002,20(1):85~91.ZHOU Jiangyu,WANG Jianghai,YIN An,et al.Deposi-tional patterns and tectonic setting of early tertiary basins inthe NE margin of the Tibetan plateau:A case study of theNangqian and Xialaxiu basins[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sini-ca,2002,20(1):85~91.
[14]周民都,吕太乙,张元生,等.青藏高原东北缘地质构造背景及地壳结构研究[J].地震学报,2000,22(6):645~653.ZHOU Mindu,LU Taiyi,ZHANG Yuansheng,et al.Thegeological background and the crustal structure in the north-eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau[J].Acta Seis-mologica Sinica,2000,13(6):687~697.
[15]Crosson R S.Crustal structure modeling of earthquake data1.Simultaneous least squares estimation of hypocenter andvelocity parameter[J].J Geophys Res,1976,81:3036~3046.
[16]Aki K,Lee W H K.Determination of three dimensional ve-locity anomalies under a seismic array using first P arrivaltimes from local earthquakes 1.A homogeneous initial model[J].J Geophys Res,1976,81:4381~4399.
[17]Hawley B W,Zomdt G,Simth R B.Simulfaneous inversionfor hypocenters and lateral velocity variations an iterative so-lution with a layered model[J].J Geophys Res,1981,86:7073~7086.
[18]赵仲和.北京地区地震参数与速度结构的联合测定[J].地球物理学报,1983,26(2):131~139.ZHAO Zhonghe.The joint determination of hypocenter pa-rameters and velocity structure in the Beijing area of China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1983,26(2):131~139.
[19]Thurber C H.Earthquake locations and three-dimensionalcrustal structure in the Coyote Lake area,central California[J].J Geophys Res,1983,88:8226~8236.
[20]Bishop T N,Bube K P,Citler R T,et al.Tomogrophic de-termination of velocity and depth in laterallg varying media[J].Geophysics,1985,50:903~923.
[21]Ivanson S.Astudy of methods for tomographic velocity esti-mation in the presence of low-velocity zones[J].Geophysics,1985,50:969~988.
[22]Ivanson S.Some remarks concerning seismic reflection tomo-graphy and velocity analysis[J].Geophys J R Astr Soc,1986,87:539~557.
[23]Koch M.A numerical study on the determination of the 3—Dstructure of the lithosphere by linear and non-liner inversionof teleseismic traveltimes[J].Geophys J R astr Soc,1985,80:73~93.
[24]Koch M.Simultaneous inversion for 3-D crustal structure andhypocentres including direct,refracted and reflected phases—Ⅰ.evelopment,validation and optimal regularization of themethod[J].Geophys J Int,1993,112:385~412.
[25]Koch M.Simultaneous inversion for 3-D crustal structure andhypocentres including direct,refracted and reflected phases—Ⅱ.Application to the northern Rhine Graben/Rhanish Mas-sif Region[J].Germany,Geophys J Int,1993,112:413~428.
[26]Koch M.Simultaneous inversion for 3-D crustal structure andhypocentres including direct,refracted and reflected phases—Ⅲ.Application to the southern Rhine Grabern seismic region[J].Germany,Geophys J Int,1993,112:429~447.
[27]刘福田,曲克信,吴华,等.华北地区地震层面成象[J].地球物理学报,1986,29(5):442~449.LIU Futian,QU Kexin,WU Hua,et al.Seismic tomo-graphy of north China region[J],Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,1986,29(5):442~449.
[28]Farra V,Madariaga R.Non-linear reflection tomography[J].Geophys J Int,1988,95:135~147.
[29]Humphreys E,Clayton R W.Adaptation of back projectiontomography to seismic travel time problems[J].J GeophysRes,1988,93:1073~1085.
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