溪洛渡电站地下厂房爆破损伤范围及判据研究
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摘要
通过现场爆破振动测试和数值模拟方法研究地下厂房爆破损伤范围及判据;在应用FLAC3D数值模拟软件中,损伤变量D被引入弹塑性本构模型,同时将简化的三角形荷载作为爆破冲击荷载施加在炮孔孔壁上,并根据岩石中有效应力确定爆破损伤范围。调整同时起爆炮孔数目,改变单段起爆药量,研究爆破损伤范围与单段药量的关系,结果表明:损伤深度和损伤水平半径均随单段药量的增加而增大,损伤范围随着炮孔深度增加而减小,爆破损伤最大水平半径出现在炮孔顶部面上。根据爆破近区质点速度衰减规律,并通过数据拟合得到对应于不同单段起爆药量的最大损伤水平半径和相应部位爆破质点临界损伤振动速度的关系,临界损伤振动速度可作为爆破损伤安全判据。研究成果有效地应用到实践中,对类似开挖爆破工程具有一定指导意义。
Criterion and damage zone induced by excavation blasting of underground power-house were studied by field test of blasting vibration and numerical simulation.The numerical simulation software FLAC3D was adopted with introducing damage variable D into elastoplastic constitutive model.The simplified triangular load was used as blasting load on the wall of blast hole.The blasting-induced damage zone was defined according to effective stress of rock.By revising the number of blast holes,the maximum quantity of explosive charge of single-stage priming was changed to study its relationship with blasting-induced damage zone.The results of numerical simulation show that the depth and the horizontal radius of damage zone increase with the increment of explosive charge of single-stage priming while the damage zone reduces with the increment of depth of blast hole.The maximum horizontal radius of damage zone is at the surface of the top of blast hole.According to the attenuation of particle velocity in the area near blasting source,the relationship between the maximum horizontal radius of damage zone and the critical vibration velocity for blasting-induced damage was obtained by numerical data fitting corresponding to the change in explosive charge of single-stage priming.The critical vibration velocity for blasting-induced damage was used as damage safety criterion of blasting.The study results can be used effectively in practice and have guiding significance for those similar blasting projects.
Criterion and damage zone induced by excavation blasting of underground power-house were studied by field test of blasting vibration and numerical simulation.The numerical simulation software FLAC3D was adopted with introducing damage variable D into elastoplastic constitutive model.The simplified triangular load was used as blasting load on the wall of blast hole.The blasting-induced damage zone was defined according to effective stress of rock.By revising the number of blast holes,the maximum quantity of explosive charge of single-stage priming was changed to study its relationship with blasting-induced damage zone.The results of numerical simulation show that the depth and the horizontal radius of damage zone increase with the increment of explosive charge of single-stage priming while the damage zone reduces with the increment of depth of blast hole.The maximum horizontal radius of damage zone is at the surface of the top of blast hole.According to the attenuation of particle velocity in the area near blasting source,the relationship between the maximum horizontal radius of damage zone and the critical vibration velocity for blasting-induced damage was obtained by numerical data fitting corresponding to the change in explosive charge of single-stage priming.The critical vibration velocity for blasting-induced damage was used as damage safety criterion of blasting.The study results can be used effectively in practice and have guiding significance for those similar blasting projects.
引文
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[2]TAYLOR L M,CHEN E P,KUSZMAUL J S.Micro-crack induced damage accumulation in brittle rock under dynamic loading[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1986,55(3):301-320.
[3]AHRENS T J,RUBIN A M.Impact-induced tensional failure in rock[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1993,98(E1):1185-1203.
[4]鞠杨,环小丰,宋振铎,等.损伤围岩中爆炸应力波动的数值模拟[J].爆炸与冲击,2007,27(2):136-142.(JU Yang,HUAN Xiaofeng,SONG Zhenduo.et al.Numerical analyses of blast wave stress propagation and damage evolution in rock masses[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2007,27(2):136-142.(in Chinese))
[5]朱传云,喻胜春.爆破引起岩体损伤的判别方法研究[J].工程爆破,2001,7(1):12-16.(ZHU Chuanyun,YU Shengchun.Study on the criterion of rock mass damage caused by blasting[J].Engineering blasting,2001,7(1):12-16.(in Chinese))
[6]BAUER A,CALDER P N.Open pit and blast seminar[R].Kingston,Ontario,Canada:Mining Engineering Department,Queens University,1978.
[7]SAVELY J P.Designing a final blast to improve stability[C]//Proceedings of the SME Annual Meeting.New orleans:[s.n.],1986:80-86.
[8]张文煊,卢文波.龙滩水电站地下厂房开挖爆破损伤范围评价[J].工程爆破,2008,14(2):1-7.(ZHANG Wenxuan,LU Wenbo.Evaluation of blast-induced damage zone in excavation blasting of Longtan underground workshop[J].Engineering Blasting,2008,14(2):1-7.(in Chinese))
[9]吕淑然.露天台阶爆破地震效应[M].北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2006.(LU Shuran.Opencast mines bench blasting seismic effect[M].Beijing:Capital University of Economics and Business Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[10]戴俊.岩石动力学特性与爆破理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.(DAI Jun.Dynamic behaviors and blasting theory of rock[M].Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[11]王礼立.应力波基础[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1993.(WANG Lili.Foundation of stress waves[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[12]陈宝心,杨勤荣.爆破动力学基础[M].武汉:湖北科技出版社,2005.(CHEN Baoxin,YANG Qinrong.Foundation of demolition dynamics[M].Wuhan:Hubei Science and Technology Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[13]杨军,金乾坤,黄风雷.岩石爆破理论模型及数值计算[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.(YANG Jun,JIN Qiankun,HUANG Fenglei.Rock blasting theoretical models and numerical calculation[M].Beijing:Science Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[14]夏祥.爆炸荷载作用下岩体损伤特征及安全阈值研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2006.(XIA Xiang.Study on damage characteristics and safety threshold of rock vibration by blast[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006.(in Chinese))
[15]刘汉东,姜彤,黄志全,等.岩体力学参数优选理论及应用[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2006.(LIU Handong,JIANG Tong,HUANG Zhiquan,et al.Rock mechanics parameter optimization theory and application[M].Zhengzhou:Yellow River Conservancy Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[16]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984.(WANG Wenlong.Drilling and blasting[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1984.(in Chinese))
[17]李夕兵,古德生.岩石冲击动力学[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1994.(LI Xibin,GU Desheng.Rock impact dynamics[M].Changsha:Central South University of Technology Press,1994.(in Chinese))
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