基于波场垂向和水平方向外推的高陡构造偏移
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摘要
常规的单程波波动方程偏移成像方法对大角度的高陡构造偏移成像存在内在的限制.根据波动方程在各个空间方向的数学特性和高陡构造反射地震波的传播特征,通过把地震波分解为垂向的上下行波、水平方向的前后行波和左右行波,提出基于波场垂向外推和水平方向外推相结合的单程波波动方程高陡构造偏移成像方法,即用波场垂向外推的单程波波动方程偏移成像方法解决中低角度平缓构造的偏移成像,用波场水平方向外推的单程波波动方程偏移成像方法解决中高角度陡倾构造的偏移成像.这种基于波场垂向和水平方向外推相结合的高陡构造偏移成像方法是常规单程波波动方程叠前深度偏移成像方法的补充和改进,它相对基于全波方程的逆时偏移具有计算效率上的优势.
The conventional one-way wave equation migration imaging methods have inherent limit to the migration of steeply dipping structures with high dipping angle.According to the mathematical characteristics of space directions of wave equation and the propagation characteristics of reflected seismic wave generated by steeply dipping structures,and through the decompositions of seismic wave into up-going wave and down-going wave in vertical direction,forward-going wave and back-going wave and left-going wave and right-going wave in horizontal direction,a one-way wave equation based migration method for the steeply dipping structures is proposed by the combination of wavefield vertical extrapolation and horizontal extrapolation.In the method,applying the wavefield vertical extrapolation to the one-way wave equation migration for the imaging of moderate dipping structures,and applying the wavefield horizontal extrapolation to the one-way wave equation migration for the imaging of steeply dipping structures.This new migration method for the steeply dipping structures based on the combination of wavefield vertical extrapolation and horizontal extrapolation is a supplement and improvement to the conventional one-way wave equation prestack depth migration method,it has the advantage of computational efficiency over the reverse time migration based on the two-way wave equation.
The conventional one-way wave equation migration imaging methods have inherent limit to the migration of steeply dipping structures with high dipping angle.According to the mathematical characteristics of space directions of wave equation and the propagation characteristics of reflected seismic wave generated by steeply dipping structures,and through the decompositions of seismic wave into up-going wave and down-going wave in vertical direction,forward-going wave and back-going wave and left-going wave and right-going wave in horizontal direction,a one-way wave equation based migration method for the steeply dipping structures is proposed by the combination of wavefield vertical extrapolation and horizontal extrapolation.In the method,applying the wavefield vertical extrapolation to the one-way wave equation migration for the imaging of moderate dipping structures,and applying the wavefield horizontal extrapolation to the one-way wave equation migration for the imaging of steeply dipping structures.This new migration method for the steeply dipping structures based on the combination of wavefield vertical extrapolation and horizontal extrapolation is a supplement and improvement to the conventional one-way wave equation prestack depth migration method,it has the advantage of computational efficiency over the reverse time migration based on the two-way wave equation.
引文
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[18]Zhang Y,Xu S,Bleistein N,et al.True-amplitude,angle-domain,common-image gathers from one-way wave-equationmigrations.Geophysics,2007,72(1):S49-S58.
[19]Claerbout J F.Imaging of the Earth′s Interior.BlackwellScientific Publication,1985.
[20]马在田.地震成像技术,有限差分法偏移.北京:石油工业出版社,1989.Ma Z T.Seismic Migration Technique,Finite DifferenceMigration(in Chinese).Beijing,Petroleum IndustrialPublishing House,1989.
[21]Suh S Y,Yeh A,Wang B,et al.Cluster programming forreverse time migration.The Leading Edge,2010,29(1):94-97.
[22]Sava P,Fomel S.Riemannian wavefield extrapolation.Geophysics,2005,70(3):T45-T56.
[23]Shan G,Biondi B.Plane-wave migration in tiltedcoordinates.Geophysics,2008,73(5):S185-S194.
[24]Zhang J,McMechan G A.Turning wave migration by horizontalextrapolation.Geophysics,1997,62(1):291-296.
[25]陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.稳定的Born近似叠前深度偏移方法.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):291-296.Chen S C,Cao J Z,Ma Z T.Stable pre-stack depthmigration method with Born approximation.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2001,36(3):291-296.
[2]Yilmaz O.Seismic Data Analysis.Soc.Expl.Geophys.,2001.
[3]Etgen J,Gray S H,Zhang Y.An overview of depth imagingin exploration geophysics.Geophysics,2009,74(6):WCA5-WCA17.
[4]French W S.Computer migration of oblique seismic reflectionprofiles.Geophysics,1975,40(6):961-980.
[5]Schneider W A.Integral formulation for migration in two andthree dimensions.Geophysics,1978,43(1):49-76.
[6]Claerbout J F.Toward a unified theory of reflector mapping.Geophysics,1971,36(3):467-481.
[7]Baysal E,Kosloff D D,Sherwood J W C.Reverse timemigration.Geophysics,1983,48(11):1514-1524.
[8]McMechan G A.Migration by extrapolation of time-dependentboundary values.Geophysical Prospecting,1983,31(3):413-420.
[9]Whitmore N D.Iterative depth migration by backward timepropagation.53rd Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.Expanded Abstracts,1983.
[10]Hill N R.Prestack Gaussian-beam depth migration.Geophysics,2001,66(4):1240-1250.
[11]Biondi B.Stable wide-angle Fourier finite-difference downwardextrapolation of 3-D wavefields.71st Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.Expanded Abstracts,2001.
[12]Chen J B,Liu H.Optimization approximation with separablevariables for the one-way wave operator.GeophysicalResearch Letters,2004,31(6):L06613,dio:10.1029/2004GL019429.
[13]Rietveld W E A,Berkhout A J.Prestack depth migration bymeans of controlled illumination.Geophysics,1994,59(5):801-809.
[14]Ristow D,Ruhl T.Fourier finite-difference migration.Geophysics,1994,59(12):1882-1893.
[15]Romero L A,Ghiglia D C,Ober C C,et al.Phase encodingof shot records in prestack migration.Geophysics,2000,65(2):426-436.
[16]Zhang Y,Xu S,Zhang G Q.Imaging complex salt bodieswith turning-wave one-way wave equation.76th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.Expanded Abstracts,2006.
[17]张宇.振幅保真的单程波方程偏移理论.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1410-1430.Zhang Y.The theory of true amplitude one-way waveequation migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1410-1430.
[18]Zhang Y,Xu S,Bleistein N,et al.True-amplitude,angle-domain,common-image gathers from one-way wave-equationmigrations.Geophysics,2007,72(1):S49-S58.
[19]Claerbout J F.Imaging of the Earth′s Interior.BlackwellScientific Publication,1985.
[20]马在田.地震成像技术,有限差分法偏移.北京:石油工业出版社,1989.Ma Z T.Seismic Migration Technique,Finite DifferenceMigration(in Chinese).Beijing,Petroleum IndustrialPublishing House,1989.
[21]Suh S Y,Yeh A,Wang B,et al.Cluster programming forreverse time migration.The Leading Edge,2010,29(1):94-97.
[22]Sava P,Fomel S.Riemannian wavefield extrapolation.Geophysics,2005,70(3):T45-T56.
[23]Shan G,Biondi B.Plane-wave migration in tiltedcoordinates.Geophysics,2008,73(5):S185-S194.
[24]Zhang J,McMechan G A.Turning wave migration by horizontalextrapolation.Geophysics,1997,62(1):291-296.
[25]陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.稳定的Born近似叠前深度偏移方法.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):291-296.Chen S C,Cao J Z,Ma Z T.Stable pre-stack depthmigration method with Born approximation.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2001,36(3):291-296.
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