薄层VTI介质中地震反射系数及相位响应
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摘要
本文从波动方程出发,推导了平面波在砂泥岩薄互层VTI介质中界面上的反射系数和相位特征;结果表明反射系数与反射系数的相位有关,以及反射系数会发生接近-90°相位旋转,理论上证明了Zeng的结论.模型数值试验及实际资料处理结果均表明,地震反射波的薄层与厚层的响应特征存在明显的差异.因此当前广泛应用的AVO及波阻抗反演等储层预测和油气检测技术等,均需要充分考虑并完善薄层的影响效应.
On the basis of wave equation,this article derive out reflection coefficient and the phase character of plane P-wave,which generated on the interface of VTI medium in thin sand shale interbedding.And the result indicates that reflection coefficient is affected by its phase and it could get phase rotation about -90°,what prove Zeng's conclusion theoretically.Both numerical experiment of model and results of practice data processing indicate seismic reflection waves have obvious different character in thick and thin layer.So the reservoir forecast and detection of hydrocarbon,which are widely used techniques presently,such as AVO and wave impedance inversion,all need to consider and complete the influence of thin layer.
On the basis of wave equation,this article derive out reflection coefficient and the phase character of plane P-wave,which generated on the interface of VTI medium in thin sand shale interbedding.And the result indicates that reflection coefficient is affected by its phase and it could get phase rotation about -90°,what prove Zeng's conclusion theoretically.Both numerical experiment of model and results of practice data processing indicate seismic reflection waves have obvious different character in thick and thin layer.So the reservoir forecast and detection of hydrocarbon,which are widely used techniques presently,such as AVO and wave impedance inversion,all need to consider and complete the influence of thin layer.
引文
[1] Stovas A, Ursin B. The reflection and transmission responses of a periodic layered medium[A]. SEG/Houston 2005 Annual Meeting[C]. Houston ,SEG:2005, 2386～2389．
[2] Hovem Jens M. Acoustic waves in finely layered media[J]. Geophysics, 1995,60(4) : 1217～ 1221．
[3] Foldstad P G, Schoenberg M. Low frequency propagation through finelayering[A]. 62nd Annual International Meeting. SEGExpanded Abstracts[C]. Houston ,SEG:1992,1278～ 1281．
[4] Matthias G Imhof. Scale dependence of reflection and transmission coefficients[J]. Geophysics, 2003,68 ( 1 ) : 322 ～ 336．
[5] Mark Graebner. Plane-wave reflection and transmission coefficients for a transversely isotropic solid[J]. Geophysics, 1992,57(11) :1512～1519．
[6] Zeng Hongliu, Milo M. Backus. Interpretive advantages of 90?-phase wavelets: Part 1-Modeling [ J ]. Geophysics, 2005,70(3) :C7～C15．
[7] Zeng Hongliu, Milo M. Backus. Interpretive advantages of 90?-phase wavelets: Part 2-Seismic applications [ J]. Geophysics, 2005,70(3) :C17～C24．
[8] Zhang Z, Wang Y. Crustal structure and contact relationship revealed from deep seismic sounding data in South China, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, doi: 10． 1016/j. pepi. 2007． 08． 005
[9] Zhang Z, Klemperer S. West-east variation in crustal thickness in northern Lhasa block, central Tibet, from deep seismic sounding data[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005,110: 1～14．
[10] Zhang Z, Lin G, Chen J, et al. Inversion for elliptically anisotropic velocity using VSP reflection traveltimes. Geophysical Prospecting, 2003 ,51: 159～166．
[11] Zhang Z J, Wang G J, Harris T M. Multi-component wavefield simulation in viscous extensively dilatancy anisotropic media[J]. Phys . Earth Planet Inter. , 1999 ,114 : 25～38．
[12] Chen J, Zhang Z, Liu E. Anisotropic inversion of traveltimes and polarization of wide-angle seismic data using simulated annealing[J]. Journal of Seismic Exploration, 2006, 15: 101～118．
[13] Xu T, Zhang Z, Zhao A, et al. Sub-triangle shooting ray tracing in complex 3D VTI media[J]. Journal of Seismic Exploration, 2008, 17: 131～144．
[14] 杜世通主编.地震波动力学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2003． Du S T. Seismic Mechanics [M]. Dongyiing: Petroleum University Press,2003(in Chinese).
[15] 张中杰著.三分量资料处理与解释[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江教育出版社,2002． Zhang Z J. Processing and interpretation of three-component Seismic Data [ M]. Harbin: Heilongjiang Education Press,2002．
[16] 滕吉文,张中杰,白武明等.岩石圈物理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003． Teng J W, Zhang Z J, Bai W M,etal. Physics of lithosphere [ M]. Beijing : Science Press, 2003．
[17] 何樵登,张中杰.横向各向同性介质中地震波及数值模拟[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,1996． He Q D, Zhang Z J. Seismic wave and numerical simulation in isotropic media[M]. Changchun: Jilin University Press,1996．
[18] 张中杰,滕吉文,张霖斌,等.各向异性介质中地震波射线满足的改进型斯涅尔定律[J].科学通报,1995,40(9) :822～825． Zhang Z J, Teng J W, Zhang L B, et al. Advanced Snell theorem for seismic ray in anisotropic media [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,1995,40(9) : 822～825．
[19] 张中杰.多分量地震资料中各向异性处理与解积方法[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江教育出版社,2002． Zhang Z J. Anisotropic process and interpretation method for multicomponent seismic data [ M]. Harbin: Heilongjiang Education Press, 2002．
[20] 刘清林,王世库,管路平.井间地震技术在松南油气开发中的初步应用研究[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(1) :124～132． Liu Q L, Wang S K, Guan L P. Tentative application of crosswell seismic technique to the development of oil/gas at Songnan area[J]. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 1998,41 ( 1 ) : 124 ～ 132．
[21] 袁三一,陈小宏.一种新的地震子波提取与层速度反演方法[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :198～205． Yuan S Y, Chen X H. A new method for seismic wavelet extraction and interval velocity inversion [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(1) :198～205．
[22] 王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌,等.基于Fatti近似的弹性阻抗方程及反演[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :192～197． Wang B L, Yin X Y, Zhang F C, et al. Elastic impedance equation based on Fatti approximation and inversion [J ]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(1) :192～197．
[24] 刘喜武,张宁,勾永峰,等.地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3) :743～753． Liu X W, Zhang N, Gou Y F, et al. The comparison and application of time-frequency analysis methods to seismic signal[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(3) :743～753．
[25] 李振春,王希萍,韩文功.地震数据处理中的相位校正技术综述[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3) :768～773． Li Z C,Wang X P,Han W G. Review of phase correction in seismic data processing[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23 (3) :768～773．
[26] 李爱山,印兴耀,张繁昌,等.VTI介质中的弹性阻抗与参数提取[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(6) :1878～1885． Li A S,Yin X Y,Zhang F C, et al. Elastic impedance in vti media and parameter extraction[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(6) :1878～1885．
[27] 黄伟传,杨长春,范桃园,等.岩石物理分析技术在储层预测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6) :1791～1795． Huang W C, Yang C C, Fan T Y, et al. The application of petrophysical analysis in the reservoir prediction[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2007,22(6) : 1791 ～1795．
[2] Hovem Jens M. Acoustic waves in finely layered media[J]. Geophysics, 1995,60(4) : 1217～ 1221．
[3] Foldstad P G, Schoenberg M. Low frequency propagation through finelayering[A]. 62nd Annual International Meeting. SEGExpanded Abstracts[C]. Houston ,SEG:1992,1278～ 1281．
[4] Matthias G Imhof. Scale dependence of reflection and transmission coefficients[J]. Geophysics, 2003,68 ( 1 ) : 322 ～ 336．
[5] Mark Graebner. Plane-wave reflection and transmission coefficients for a transversely isotropic solid[J]. Geophysics, 1992,57(11) :1512～1519．
[6] Zeng Hongliu, Milo M. Backus. Interpretive advantages of 90?-phase wavelets: Part 1-Modeling [ J ]. Geophysics, 2005,70(3) :C7～C15．
[7] Zeng Hongliu, Milo M. Backus. Interpretive advantages of 90?-phase wavelets: Part 2-Seismic applications [ J]. Geophysics, 2005,70(3) :C17～C24．
[8] Zhang Z, Wang Y. Crustal structure and contact relationship revealed from deep seismic sounding data in South China, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, doi: 10． 1016/j. pepi. 2007． 08． 005
[9] Zhang Z, Klemperer S. West-east variation in crustal thickness in northern Lhasa block, central Tibet, from deep seismic sounding data[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005,110: 1～14．
[10] Zhang Z, Lin G, Chen J, et al. Inversion for elliptically anisotropic velocity using VSP reflection traveltimes. Geophysical Prospecting, 2003 ,51: 159～166．
[11] Zhang Z J, Wang G J, Harris T M. Multi-component wavefield simulation in viscous extensively dilatancy anisotropic media[J]. Phys . Earth Planet Inter. , 1999 ,114 : 25～38．
[12] Chen J, Zhang Z, Liu E. Anisotropic inversion of traveltimes and polarization of wide-angle seismic data using simulated annealing[J]. Journal of Seismic Exploration, 2006, 15: 101～118．
[13] Xu T, Zhang Z, Zhao A, et al. Sub-triangle shooting ray tracing in complex 3D VTI media[J]. Journal of Seismic Exploration, 2008, 17: 131～144．
[14] 杜世通主编.地震波动力学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2003． Du S T. Seismic Mechanics [M]. Dongyiing: Petroleum University Press,2003(in Chinese).
[15] 张中杰著.三分量资料处理与解释[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江教育出版社,2002． Zhang Z J. Processing and interpretation of three-component Seismic Data [ M]. Harbin: Heilongjiang Education Press,2002．
[16] 滕吉文,张中杰,白武明等.岩石圈物理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003． Teng J W, Zhang Z J, Bai W M,etal. Physics of lithosphere [ M]. Beijing : Science Press, 2003．
[17] 何樵登,张中杰.横向各向同性介质中地震波及数值模拟[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,1996． He Q D, Zhang Z J. Seismic wave and numerical simulation in isotropic media[M]. Changchun: Jilin University Press,1996．
[18] 张中杰,滕吉文,张霖斌,等.各向异性介质中地震波射线满足的改进型斯涅尔定律[J].科学通报,1995,40(9) :822～825． Zhang Z J, Teng J W, Zhang L B, et al. Advanced Snell theorem for seismic ray in anisotropic media [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,1995,40(9) : 822～825．
[19] 张中杰.多分量地震资料中各向异性处理与解积方法[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江教育出版社,2002． Zhang Z J. Anisotropic process and interpretation method for multicomponent seismic data [ M]. Harbin: Heilongjiang Education Press, 2002．
[20] 刘清林,王世库,管路平.井间地震技术在松南油气开发中的初步应用研究[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(1) :124～132． Liu Q L, Wang S K, Guan L P. Tentative application of crosswell seismic technique to the development of oil/gas at Songnan area[J]. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 1998,41 ( 1 ) : 124 ～ 132．
[21] 袁三一,陈小宏.一种新的地震子波提取与层速度反演方法[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :198～205． Yuan S Y, Chen X H. A new method for seismic wavelet extraction and interval velocity inversion [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(1) :198～205．
[22] 王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌,等.基于Fatti近似的弹性阻抗方程及反演[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :192～197． Wang B L, Yin X Y, Zhang F C, et al. Elastic impedance equation based on Fatti approximation and inversion [J ]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(1) :192～197．
[24] 刘喜武,张宁,勾永峰,等.地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3) :743～753． Liu X W, Zhang N, Gou Y F, et al. The comparison and application of time-frequency analysis methods to seismic signal[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(3) :743～753．
[25] 李振春,王希萍,韩文功.地震数据处理中的相位校正技术综述[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3) :768～773． Li Z C,Wang X P,Han W G. Review of phase correction in seismic data processing[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23 (3) :768～773．
[26] 李爱山,印兴耀,张繁昌,等.VTI介质中的弹性阻抗与参数提取[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(6) :1878～1885． Li A S,Yin X Y,Zhang F C, et al. Elastic impedance in vti media and parameter extraction[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(6) :1878～1885．
[27] 黄伟传,杨长春,范桃园,等.岩石物理分析技术在储层预测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6) :1791～1795． Huang W C, Yang C C, Fan T Y, et al. The application of petrophysical analysis in the reservoir prediction[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2007,22(6) : 1791 ～1795．
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