西昆仑接收函数反演与构造解析
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摘要
中法合作布设的青藏高原西昆仑叶城-噶尔(狮泉河)天然地震探测剖面穿越了西昆仑构造的主要构造单元, 通过对36个台站128个远震P波事件的接收函数分析,取得了各台站的接收函数随方位角和震中距变化的趋势, 分析了变化趋势与地壳构造的关系。通过台站平均接收函数的反演拟合,取得了120km深度范围以上的横波速度分布,综合地质构造解释,发现康西瓦断裂地表倾斜渐变为直立并略向南拖曳的现象,塔里木前陆盆地沉积与逆冲构造有比较明显的显示,同时推测了盆地下的滑脱构造。班公湖-怒江断裂也有向北俯冲的显示,得出了印藏碰撞远距离效应在西昆仑受阻,应力通过地表次级断裂释放,同时形成盆地沉积的前陆构造模式。
The seismic profile from Yecheng-Gar (Shiquanhe) in the West Kunlun on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau deployed by the Sino-French joint project traversed major structural units in the West Kunlun tectonic syntax. Through a receiver function analysis of three-component P wave data recorded by 36 stations for 128 teleseismic events, the authon obtained the variation trend of the receiver functions with the azimuth and epicenter distance for these stations and analyzed its relationship with crustal structure. The shear wave velocity distribution in the upper 120 km of the crust and upper mantle was obtained by the inversion of average receiver functions at various stations. On that basis, combined with interpretations of geological structure, the phenomenon that the inclined surface of the Kangxiwar fault becomes gradually nearly upright and then drags southward slightly has been found, which is markedly manifested by sediments of the Tarim foreland basin thruste structures, and in addition it is also inferred that there is decollement beneath the basin. The Bangong Co-Nujiang suture also has traces of northward subduction. So it is deduced that the long distance effect of India-Tibet collision is hindered at the West Kunlun, and the stress is released by subsidiary faults at the surface and a foreland structural model of basin sediments is constructed.
The seismic profile from Yecheng-Gar (Shiquanhe) in the West Kunlun on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau deployed by the Sino-French joint project traversed major structural units in the West Kunlun tectonic syntax. Through a receiver function analysis of three-component P wave data recorded by 36 stations for 128 teleseismic events, the authon obtained the variation trend of the receiver functions with the azimuth and epicenter distance for these stations and analyzed its relationship with crustal structure. The shear wave velocity distribution in the upper 120 km of the crust and upper mantle was obtained by the inversion of average receiver functions at various stations. On that basis, combined with interpretations of geological structure, the phenomenon that the inclined surface of the Kangxiwar fault becomes gradually nearly upright and then drags southward slightly has been found, which is markedly manifested by sediments of the Tarim foreland basin thruste structures, and in addition it is also inferred that there is decollement beneath the basin. The Bangong Co-Nujiang suture also has traces of northward subduction. So it is deduced that the long distance effect of India-Tibet collision is hindered at the West Kunlun, and the stress is released by subsidiary faults at the surface and a foreland structural model of basin sediments is constructed.
引文
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[15] D van Manen, Robertsson J O, Curtis A,et al. Shear wave statics using receiver functions[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2003, 153( F1 - F5).
[16] SenM K, stoffa P L. Rapid sampling of model space using GA[J] . Journal of Geophyasical Research. Int. 1992,77: 281-292.
[17]沈旭章,周蕙兰．接收函数近邻反演方法的改进和对海拉尔台 下地壳速度结构的研究[J]．中国科学院研究生院学报,2005,22 (3):322-328． Shen Xuzhang,Zhou Huilan. Improvement on inversion method of neighborhood algorithm with receiver functions and research of crust structure under station HLR [J]. Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2005,22(3): 322-328 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[18] Neal S L, Pavlis G. Imaging P-to-S conversions with broadband seismic arrays using multi-channel, time-domain deconvolution[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2001,147:57-67.
[19]薛光琦,姜枚,宿和平,等．利用层析成像研究青藏高原叶城- 狮泉河地区深部构造[].中国科学(D)辑,2004,34(4):329- 334． Xue Guangqi, Jiang Mei, Su Heping, et al,. Tomography study of the deep tectonics in the Yecheng-Shiquanhe area of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Science in China(series D), 2004,34(4) : 329-334 (in Chinese).
[20]丁道桂,王道轩,刘伟新,等．西昆仑造山带与盆地[M]．北京:地 质出版社,1996．1-32,208-229． Ding Daogui, Wang Daoxuan,Liu Weixin,et al. West Kunlun Orogeny and Basin [M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1996.1-32,208-229(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]高锐,肖序常,高弘,等．西昆仑-塔里木-天山岩石圈深地震探 测综述[J].地质通报,2002,21(2):11-18． Geo Rui, Xiao Xuchang, Kao Hoon, et al. Summary of deep seismic probing of the lithospheric structure across the West Kunlun - Tarim-Tianshan. Geological Bulletin of China[J], 2002,21(2): 11-18(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]肖序常,王军．西昆仑-喀喇昆仑及其邻区岩石圈结构、演化中几 个问题的探讨[J].地质论评,2004,50(3):286-294． Xiao Xuchang, Wang Jun. Discussion on the lithospheric structure and evolution of West Kunlun Mountains - Karakorum Mountains and their adjacent areas[J]. Geological Review, 2004,50(3): 286-294 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[4] Langston C A. Stucture under Mountain Rainer, Qashington, inferred from teleseismic body waves [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1979,84:4749-4762.
[5] Owens T J, Taylor S R, Zandt G. Seismic evidence for an ancient rift beneath the Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee: A detailed analysis of broadband teleseismic P waveforms [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1984,89(B9): 7783-7795.
[6] Ammon C J . The isolation of receiver function effects from teleseismic P waveforms [J], Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 1991,81:2504-2510.
[7]刘启元．Rainer Kind．分离三分量远震接收函数的多道最大或然 性反褶积方法[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):416-424． Liu Qiyuan, Rainer Kind. Multi -channel maximal likelihood deconvolution method for isolating three -component teleseismic receiver function[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2004,26(3) : 416-424(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃,等．计算台站接收函数的最大熵谱反褶 积方法[J]．地震学报,2003,25(4):382-389． Wu Qingju, Tian Xiaobo, Zhang Nailing,et al. Receiver function estimated by maximum entropy deconvolution[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2003,25(4): 382-389 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[9] Park J, Levin V. Receiver functions from multiple-taper spectral correlation estimates[J]. Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 2000,90(6): 1507-1520.
[10] Poppeliers C, Pavlis G L, Three-dimensional, prestack, plane wave migration of teleseismic P-to-S converted phases: 1. Theory[J], Journal of Geophysical Research, 2003,108 (B2), 2112,doi: 10.1029/2001JB000216.
[11] Poppeliers C, Pavlis G L, Three-dimensional, prestack, plane wave migration of teleseismic P-to-S converted phases: 2. Stacking multiple events[J], Journal of Geophysical Research, 2003,108(B5), 2267, doi:10.1029/2001JB001583.
[12]陈中州,常旭,王红落．天然地震转换波偏移成像方法[J].地球 物理学进展,2004,19(1):148-153 Chen Zhongzhou ,Chang Xu ,Wang Hongluo. A migration method of seismic converted wave [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2004,19(1) :148-153(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]王红落,常旭,陈传仁．基于波动方程有限差分算法的接收函数 正演与偏移[J]．地球物理学报,2005,48(2):415-422． Wang Hongluo , Chang Xu, Chen Chuanren. Receiver function forward modeling and migration based on wave equation finite difference method [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2005,48 (2): 415-422(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]胡天跃,张广娟,赵伟,等．多分量地震波波场分解研究[J].地球 物理学报,2004,47(3):504-508． Hu Tianyue , Zhang Guangjuan , Zhao Wei, et al. Decomposition of multicomponent seismic wavefileds[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2004 ,47 (3):504-508(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15] D van Manen, Robertsson J O, Curtis A,et al. Shear wave statics using receiver functions[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2003, 153( F1 - F5).
[16] SenM K, stoffa P L. Rapid sampling of model space using GA[J] . Journal of Geophyasical Research. Int. 1992,77: 281-292.
[17]沈旭章,周蕙兰．接收函数近邻反演方法的改进和对海拉尔台 下地壳速度结构的研究[J]．中国科学院研究生院学报,2005,22 (3):322-328． Shen Xuzhang,Zhou Huilan. Improvement on inversion method of neighborhood algorithm with receiver functions and research of crust structure under station HLR [J]. Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2005,22(3): 322-328 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[18] Neal S L, Pavlis G. Imaging P-to-S conversions with broadband seismic arrays using multi-channel, time-domain deconvolution[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2001,147:57-67.
[19]薛光琦,姜枚,宿和平,等．利用层析成像研究青藏高原叶城- 狮泉河地区深部构造[].中国科学(D)辑,2004,34(4):329- 334． Xue Guangqi, Jiang Mei, Su Heping, et al,. Tomography study of the deep tectonics in the Yecheng-Shiquanhe area of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Science in China(series D), 2004,34(4) : 329-334 (in Chinese).
[20]丁道桂,王道轩,刘伟新,等．西昆仑造山带与盆地[M]．北京:地 质出版社,1996．1-32,208-229． Ding Daogui, Wang Daoxuan,Liu Weixin,et al. West Kunlun Orogeny and Basin [M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1996.1-32,208-229(in Chinese with English abstract).
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