框架结构不同倒塌模式的数值模拟与分析
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摘要
基于离散单元法和杆端多弹簧模型的思想,引入适用于任意加载路径的弹簧恢复力模型,考虑混凝土轴向弹簧与截面剪切弹簧的耦合效应,建立了合理的弹簧破坏准则,并对单元失效后的碰撞问题进行了有效的处理,在此基础上开发了能够模拟强震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构倒塌全过程的计算机仿真程序CSPF 1.0。以汶川地震灾区一实际建筑为例,利用CSPF 1.0程序模拟了地震作用下该结构响应的全过程,得到了该结构可能产生的强梁弱柱型倒塌模式。另外在增大原结构的柱截面尺寸及配筋的基础上,程序进一步模拟了强柱弱梁型的倒塌模式。通过对仿真结果的论述和分析,说明了程序CSPF1.0的可靠性和离散单元法在钢筋混凝土框架结构倒塌分析中的可行性,并在一定程度上揭示了框架结构的破坏机理和倒塌机制。
A simulation program,named CSPF 1.0,was established based on discrete element method and segment-multi-spring model to simulate the collapse process of RC frame structures under strong earthquake,by introducing restoring force models for springs which can be used for arbitrary loading path,defining reasonable failure criteria of the springs in which coupled effect of concrete spring and sectional shear spring was taken into account,and considering impact effect between failure elements.This program was employed to simulate the whole process of structural response with respect to a real building experiencing Wenchuan earthquake.Furthermore,the collapse model of this structure was found to be a typical collapse pattern of strong-column and weak-beam.Increasing the cross-sections and the reinforcement ratios of all the columns,the program successfully obtained the collapse pattern of strong-column and weak-beam.Through the discussion and analysis of simulation results,the reliability of CSPF 1.0 and the feasibility of discrete element method in collapse analysis for frame structures can be obtained,meanwhile structural failure and collapse mechanism for RC frame structures are revealed in some extent.
A simulation program,named CSPF 1.0,was established based on discrete element method and segment-multi-spring model to simulate the collapse process of RC frame structures under strong earthquake,by introducing restoring force models for springs which can be used for arbitrary loading path,defining reasonable failure criteria of the springs in which coupled effect of concrete spring and sectional shear spring was taken into account,and considering impact effect between failure elements.This program was employed to simulate the whole process of structural response with respect to a real building experiencing Wenchuan earthquake.Furthermore,the collapse model of this structure was found to be a typical collapse pattern of strong-column and weak-beam.Increasing the cross-sections and the reinforcement ratios of all the columns,the program successfully obtained the collapse pattern of strong-column and weak-beam.Through the discussion and analysis of simulation results,the reliability of CSPF 1.0 and the feasibility of discrete element method in collapse analysis for frame structures can be obtained,meanwhile structural failure and collapse mechanism for RC frame structures are revealed in some extent.
引文
[1]清华大学、西南交通大学、北京交通大学土木工程结构专家组.汶川地震建筑震害分析[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):1-9.(Civil and Structural Groups ofTsinghua University,Xinan Jiaotong University andBeijing Jiaotong University.Analysis on seismic damageof buildings in the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journalof Building Structures,2008,29(4):1-9.(inChinese))
[2]孙柏涛,闫培雷,胡春峰,等.汶川8.0级大地震极重灾区映秀镇不同建筑结构震害概述及原因简析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(5):1-9.(SunBaitao,Yan Peilei,Hu Chunfeng,et al.Overview onseismic damage to different structures in Yingxiu Townduring Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal ofEarthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(5):1-9.(in Chinese))
[3]孙景江,马强,石宏彬,等.汶川地震高烈度区城镇房屋震害简介[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(3):7-15.(Sun Jingjiang,Ma Qiang,Shi Hongbin,et al.Building damage in cities and towns located inhigher intensity areas during Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration,2008,28(3):7-15.(in Chinese))
[4]Utagawa N,Kondo I,Yoshida N,et al.Simulation ofdemolition of reinforced concrete buildings by controlledexplosion[J].Microcomputers in Civil Engineering,1992,7:151-159.
[5]Hakuno M.Simulation of 3-D concrete-frame collapsedue to dynamic Loading[C]//Proceedings of 11thWCEE(CD).Acapulco,Mexico:Elsevier Science,1996.
[6]Tagel-Din H,Meguro K.Analysis of small scale RCbuilding subjected to shaking table test using appliedelement method[C]//Proceedings of 12th WCEE(CD).Auckland,New Zealand:The New ZealandSociety for Earthquake Engineering,2000.
[7]Wang Fan,Chaudat Thierry,Lavarenne Sylvain,et al.Seismic collapse tests and simulation of reinforcedconcrete frames with not confined beam-column joints[C]//Proceedings of the 14thWorld Conference onEarthquake Engineering.Harbin,China:Institute ofEngineering Mechanics,China EarthquakeAdministration,2008.
[8]Katahira N,Isobe D,Ine T,et al.Development ofmacro-model seismic collapse simulator for framedstructures using ASI-Gauss technique[C]//Proceedings of the 14thWorld Conference on EarthquakeEngineering.Harbin,China:Institute of EngineeringMechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2008.
[9]黄庆华.地震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构空间倒塌反应分析[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2006.(Huang Qinghua.Study on spatial collapse responses ofreinforced concrete frame structures under earthquake[D].Shanghai:College of Civil Engineering,TongjiUniversity,2006.(in Chinese))
[10]王强,吕西林.框架结构在地震作用下倒塌的离散单元法仿真分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(6):77-82.(Wang Qiang,Lu Xilin.Simulationanalysis of seismic collapse process for frame structuresby DEM[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2006,26(6):77-82.(inChinese))
[11]王强,吕西林.离散单元法中数值求解方法的改进[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2006,34(12):91-93.(Wang Qiang,Lu Xilin.Numerical algorithm ofdistinct element method[J].Journal of TongjiUniversity:Natural Science,2006,34(12):91-93.(in Chinese))
[12]张富文,吕西林,徐芳.地震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构倒塌的计算机仿真[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2008,28(增刊):14-17.(Zhang Fuwen,Lu Xilin,XuFang.Simulation analysis for collapse of RC framestructures under earthquake[J].Journal of DisasterReduction and Mitigation Engineering,2008,28(Suppl.):14-17.(in Chinese))
[13]侯健,林峰,顾祥林.描述混凝土块体间碰撞性能的冲量模型[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(10):1-5.(HouJian,Lin Feng,Gu Xianglin.Impulse model of impactbetween concrete blocks[J].Journal of Vibration andShock,2007,26(10):1-5.(in Chinese))
[2]孙柏涛,闫培雷,胡春峰,等.汶川8.0级大地震极重灾区映秀镇不同建筑结构震害概述及原因简析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(5):1-9.(SunBaitao,Yan Peilei,Hu Chunfeng,et al.Overview onseismic damage to different structures in Yingxiu Townduring Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal ofEarthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(5):1-9.(in Chinese))
[3]孙景江,马强,石宏彬,等.汶川地震高烈度区城镇房屋震害简介[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(3):7-15.(Sun Jingjiang,Ma Qiang,Shi Hongbin,et al.Building damage in cities and towns located inhigher intensity areas during Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration,2008,28(3):7-15.(in Chinese))
[4]Utagawa N,Kondo I,Yoshida N,et al.Simulation ofdemolition of reinforced concrete buildings by controlledexplosion[J].Microcomputers in Civil Engineering,1992,7:151-159.
[5]Hakuno M.Simulation of 3-D concrete-frame collapsedue to dynamic Loading[C]//Proceedings of 11thWCEE(CD).Acapulco,Mexico:Elsevier Science,1996.
[6]Tagel-Din H,Meguro K.Analysis of small scale RCbuilding subjected to shaking table test using appliedelement method[C]//Proceedings of 12th WCEE(CD).Auckland,New Zealand:The New ZealandSociety for Earthquake Engineering,2000.
[7]Wang Fan,Chaudat Thierry,Lavarenne Sylvain,et al.Seismic collapse tests and simulation of reinforcedconcrete frames with not confined beam-column joints[C]//Proceedings of the 14thWorld Conference onEarthquake Engineering.Harbin,China:Institute ofEngineering Mechanics,China EarthquakeAdministration,2008.
[8]Katahira N,Isobe D,Ine T,et al.Development ofmacro-model seismic collapse simulator for framedstructures using ASI-Gauss technique[C]//Proceedings of the 14thWorld Conference on EarthquakeEngineering.Harbin,China:Institute of EngineeringMechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2008.
[9]黄庆华.地震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构空间倒塌反应分析[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2006.(Huang Qinghua.Study on spatial collapse responses ofreinforced concrete frame structures under earthquake[D].Shanghai:College of Civil Engineering,TongjiUniversity,2006.(in Chinese))
[10]王强,吕西林.框架结构在地震作用下倒塌的离散单元法仿真分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(6):77-82.(Wang Qiang,Lu Xilin.Simulationanalysis of seismic collapse process for frame structuresby DEM[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2006,26(6):77-82.(inChinese))
[11]王强,吕西林.离散单元法中数值求解方法的改进[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2006,34(12):91-93.(Wang Qiang,Lu Xilin.Numerical algorithm ofdistinct element method[J].Journal of TongjiUniversity:Natural Science,2006,34(12):91-93.(in Chinese))
[12]张富文,吕西林,徐芳.地震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构倒塌的计算机仿真[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2008,28(增刊):14-17.(Zhang Fuwen,Lu Xilin,XuFang.Simulation analysis for collapse of RC framestructures under earthquake[J].Journal of DisasterReduction and Mitigation Engineering,2008,28(Suppl.):14-17.(in Chinese))
[13]侯健,林峰,顾祥林.描述混凝土块体间碰撞性能的冲量模型[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(10):1-5.(HouJian,Lin Feng,Gu Xianglin.Impulse model of impactbetween concrete blocks[J].Journal of Vibration andShock,2007,26(10):1-5.(in Chinese))
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