中国的巨灾风险与巨灾防范
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摘要
巨灾是指对人民生命财产造成特别巨大损失,对社会经济发展产生严重影响的自然灾害事件。我国巨灾主要为特大洪水、大地震以及特大风暴潮、持续性大面积干旱。新中国建立以来,共有18个年份发生巨灾。巨灾频发的根本原因是,自然条件复杂多变,多种异常动力活动强烈;减灾基础薄弱,巨灾防范能力不足。未来时期,巨灾对国家安全和社会经济威胁依然严重,预测有11个高风险区,分布在东部沿海和部分中部地区。巨灾防范对策包括:提高认识、加强研究、建立管理系统及预警系统、制定应急预案、加强国际合作交流等。
Huge disasters refer to the natural disasters that cause the huge loss of life and property and have serious impact on social and economic development.Huge disasters in China include extraordinary floods,large earthquakes,exceedingly large storm tides and sustained droughts over large tracts.Huge disasters have occurred in 18 different years since the founding of the People's Republic of China.The root-causes for frequent occurrence of huge disasters are complex and highly varied natural conditions,intense and abnormal dynamic activities,weak disaster reduction infrastructure and insufficient huge disaster prevention ability.Huge disasters still seriously threaten the national safety,society and economy in the future.It is estimated that 11 high-risk areas are distributed in eastern coastal areas and a part of central areas in China.The countermeasures of huge disaster prevention include raising people's awareness,enhancing study,establishing a management system and an early-warning system,working out an emergence plan and strengthening international exchange.
Huge disasters refer to the natural disasters that cause the huge loss of life and property and have serious impact on social and economic development.Huge disasters in China include extraordinary floods,large earthquakes,exceedingly large storm tides and sustained droughts over large tracts.Huge disasters have occurred in 18 different years since the founding of the People's Republic of China.The root-causes for frequent occurrence of huge disasters are complex and highly varied natural conditions,intense and abnormal dynamic activities,weak disaster reduction infrastructure and insufficient huge disaster prevention ability.Huge disasters still seriously threaten the national safety,society and economy in the future.It is estimated that 11 high-risk areas are distributed in eastern coastal areas and a part of central areas in China.The countermeasures of huge disaster prevention include raising people's awareness,enhancing study,establishing a management system and an early-warning system,working out an emergence plan and strengthening international exchange.
引文
[1]科技部国家计委国家经贸委灾害综合研究组.灾害.社会.减灾.发展———中国百年自然灾害态势与21世纪减灾策略分析[M].北京:气象出版社,2000.34~49.
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[3]科技部国家计委国家经贸委灾害综合研究组.中国重大自然灾害与社会图集[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2004.254~258.
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[2]中华人民共和国国家统计局、中华人民共和国民政部.中国灾情报告[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1995.267~278.
[3]科技部国家计委国家经贸委灾害综合研究组.中国重大自然灾害与社会图集[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2004.254~258.
[4]国家科委全国重大自然灾害综合研究组.中国重大自然灾害及减灾对策(分论)[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.3~66.
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