天地基综合观测的东日本大地震电离层异常分析
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摘要
介绍了地震电离层前兆的主要特性,并给出了掩星电离层电子密度峰值位置的标高估计技术。利用天地基电离层观测数据,综合分析了2011年3月11日日本9.0级大地震发生前的电离层异常变化,发现地震前3天内电离层f0F2异常扰动、相对垂直总电子含量(VTEC)扰动以及电子密度峰值处标高(Hs)增加等多种异常现象。分析了地磁活动和太阳活动等因素后,认为其可能与地震有一定关联,表明电离层异常变化对于地震短期预报具有重要参考意义。
The main phenomenological features of ionospheric precursors of earthquakes are introduced firstly,and the ionospheric scale height estimation method at the height of maximum electron density is studied by the constellation observing system for meteorlogy,ionosphere and climate(COSMIC)occultation data products.Then,the anomalous changes of ionospheric parameters before Eastern Japan Great Earthquake happened on Mar 11,2011 are analyzed based on comprehensive observed data from the ground based ionosonde,GPS and spaceborne GPS occultation.It is shown that several ionospheric anomalies appeared three days before the earthquake,including that ionospheric f0F2 and relative vertical total electron content(VTEC)existed anomalous disturbance,and ionospheric Hs increased.After we analyze the impact of geomagnetic activity and solar activity,we think that all the results are related to Eastern Japan Great Earthquake.It is demonstrated that ionospheric anomalous changes can offer important information for the short-term earthquake prediction.
The main phenomenological features of ionospheric precursors of earthquakes are introduced firstly,and the ionospheric scale height estimation method at the height of maximum electron density is studied by the constellation observing system for meteorlogy,ionosphere and climate(COSMIC)occultation data products.Then,the anomalous changes of ionospheric parameters before Eastern Japan Great Earthquake happened on Mar 11,2011 are analyzed based on comprehensive observed data from the ground based ionosonde,GPS and spaceborne GPS occultation.It is shown that several ionospheric anomalies appeared three days before the earthquake,including that ionospheric f0F2 and relative vertical total electron content(VTEC)existed anomalous disturbance,and ionospheric Hs increased.After we analyze the impact of geomagnetic activity and solar activity,we think that all the results are related to Eastern Japan Great Earthquake.It is demonstrated that ionospheric anomalous changes can offer important information for the short-term earthquake prediction.
引文
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[11]SAITO A and FUKAO S.High resolution mappingof TEC perturbations withthe GSI GPS network overJapan[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1998,25(16):3079-3082.
[2]丁鉴海,申旭辉,潘威炎,等.地震前兆研究进展[J].电波科学学报,2006,21(5):791-801.DING Jianhai,SHEN Xuhui,PAN Weiyan,et al.Seismo electromagnetism precursor research progress[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2006,21(5):791-801.(in Chinese)
[3]张学民,丁鉴海,申旭辉.汶川8级地震前电磁扰动与电磁立体监测体系[J].电波科学学报,2009,24(1):1-8.ZHANG Xuemin,DINGJianhai,SHEN Xuhui.Elec-tromagnetic perturbations before Wenchuan M8 earth-quake and stereo electromagnetic observation system[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2009,24(1):1-8.(in Chinese)
[4]丁宗华,吴健,孙树计,等.汶川大地震前电离层参量的变化特征与分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(1):30-38.DING Zonghua,WUJian,SUN Shuji,et al.The varia-tion of ionosphere on some days before the WenchuanEarthquake[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics,2010,53(1):30-38.(in Chinese)
[5]赵莹,张小红.COSMIC掩星观测数据反演电离层电子密度廓线[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2010,5(6):644-648.ZHAO Ying,ZHANG Xiaohong.Inversion of Iono-spheric electron density profiles with COSMIC occulta-tion data[J].Geomatics and Information Science ofWuhan University,2010,5(6):644-648.(in Chi-nese)
[6]徐贤胜,洪振杰,郭鹏,等.COSMIC掩星电离层资料反演以及结果验证[J].物理学报,2010,59(3):2163-2168.XU Shenxian,HONG Zhenjie,GUO Peng,et el.Re-trieval and validation of ionospheric measurement fromCOSMIC radio occultation[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2010,59(3):2163-2168.(in Chinese)
[7]郭鹏,严豪健,洪振杰,等.GPS/LEO掩星技术中Abel积分变换的奇点问题[J].天文学报,2004,45(3):330-337.GUO Peng,YAN Haojian,HONG Zhenjie,et el.Onthe singular point of ABEL integral transformation inGPS/LEOoccultationtechnique[J].Acta AstronomicaSinica,2004,45(3):330-337.(in Chinese)
[8]STANKOV S M.,JAKOWSKI N.Topside plasmascale height modeling based on CHAMP measure-ments:first results,in Reigber,C,Luehr,H.,Schwintzer,P.,Wickert,J.(Eds.),Earth observa-tions with CHAMP?results fromthree years in or-bit[M].Berlin:Springer,2005:459-464.
[9]STANKOV S M.,JAKOWSKI N.Topside iono-spheric scale height analysis and modeling based onradio occultation measurements[J].Journal of At-mospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2006,68(2):134-162.
[10]GULYAEVA T L.Storm ti me behavior of topsidescale height inferred from the ionosphere-plasmas-phere model driven by the F2 layer peak and GPS-TEC observations[J].Advances in Space Research,2011,47(6):913-920.
[11]SAITO A and FUKAO S.High resolution mappingof TEC perturbations withthe GSI GPS network overJapan[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1998,25(16):3079-3082.
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