地震后青少年焦虑的特征及影响因素研究
|
摘要
目的了解汶川地震6个月后青少年焦虑的水平、特征及其影响因素。方法整群抽取都江堰市区初一至高一学生共2244名,使用儿童焦虑性情绪筛查表于震后6个月进行调查,同时收集人口学资料和地震暴露资料。结果①)焦虑总分和各因子分(躯体化惊恐、分离性焦虑、广泛性焦虑、社交恐惧、学校恐惧),女性均高于男性(t=5.9~11.6,P均<0.001),15~18岁组均高于11~14岁组(t=2.5~12.1,P均<0.05),农村组均高于城镇组(t=2.2~6.6,P均<0.05)。控制其他人口学变量后的单因素协方差分析结果显示,女性的总分和各因子分仍大于男性(F=31.6~135.6,P均<0.001);15~18岁组的总分、躯体化惊恐、广泛性焦虑、社交恐惧和学校恐惧仍大于11~14岁组(F=23.4~104.6,P均<0.001);农村组的总分、广泛性焦虑和社交恐惧仍大于城镇组(F=5.5~9.5,P均<0.05);②多元Log istic回归分析发现女性(OR=2.17,P<0.001)、15~18岁(OR=1.98,P<0.001)和地震中有家人伤亡(OR=1.39,P<0.01)是焦虑的危险因素。结论震后6个月青少年焦虑问题受性别、年龄、家庭居住地及地震暴露等因素影响,在灾后学校心理援助工作中应予以考虑。
Objective To examine symptoms of anxiety among adolescents after 6 months of Wenchuan Earthquake and explore factors associated with anxiety symptoms.Methods A large-scale survey was conducted after 6 months of the earthquake in Dujiangyan District.A total of 2244 students were asked to completed the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotion Disorder(SCARED) as well as to provide demographic and earthquake exposure information.Results ①Total score on SCARED and its 5 subscales' scores regarding somatic/panic,separation anxiety,generalized anxiety,social phobia and school phobia,were found higher in females than males(t=5.9~11.6,Ps<0.001),those aged 15~18 were higher than 11~14(t=2.5~12.1,Ps<0.05) and those living in rural area were higher than unban area(t=2.2~6.6,Ps<0.05).The results of one-way ANOVA with the other two demographic factors as covariates showed that gender effect was still significant in total score and all five subscales' scores(F=31.6~135.6,Ps<0.001),whereas age effect was profound in total score,somatic/panic,generalized anxiety,social phobia and school phobia(F=23.4~104.6,Ps<0.001),and location effect was still remarkable in total score,generalized anxiety and social phobia(F=5.5~9.5,Ps<0.05).②In multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was found that females(OR=2.17,P<0.001),those aged 15~18(OR=1.98,P<0.001)and those having family members died or injured(OR=1.39,P<0.01)were more risky for suffering anxiety symptoms.Conclusion Anxiety among traumatic adolescents after 6 months of the earthquake is associated with gender,age,family location and earthquake exposure.Therefore,these factors should be taken account into the practice of post-disaster mental health recovery program in school.
Objective To examine symptoms of anxiety among adolescents after 6 months of Wenchuan Earthquake and explore factors associated with anxiety symptoms.Methods A large-scale survey was conducted after 6 months of the earthquake in Dujiangyan District.A total of 2244 students were asked to completed the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotion Disorder(SCARED) as well as to provide demographic and earthquake exposure information.Results ①Total score on SCARED and its 5 subscales' scores regarding somatic/panic,separation anxiety,generalized anxiety,social phobia and school phobia,were found higher in females than males(t=5.9~11.6,Ps<0.001),those aged 15~18 were higher than 11~14(t=2.5~12.1,Ps<0.05) and those living in rural area were higher than unban area(t=2.2~6.6,Ps<0.05).The results of one-way ANOVA with the other two demographic factors as covariates showed that gender effect was still significant in total score and all five subscales' scores(F=31.6~135.6,Ps<0.001),whereas age effect was profound in total score,somatic/panic,generalized anxiety,social phobia and school phobia(F=23.4~104.6,Ps<0.001),and location effect was still remarkable in total score,generalized anxiety and social phobia(F=5.5~9.5,Ps<0.05).②In multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was found that females(OR=2.17,P<0.001),those aged 15~18(OR=1.98,P<0.001)and those having family members died or injured(OR=1.39,P<0.01)were more risky for suffering anxiety symptoms.Conclusion Anxiety among traumatic adolescents after 6 months of the earthquake is associated with gender,age,family location and earthquake exposure.Therefore,these factors should be taken account into the practice of post-disaster mental health recovery program in school.
引文
[1]Goenjian A K,Steinberg A M,Najarian L M,et al.Prospectivestudy of posttraumatic stress,anxiety,and depressive reactions af-ter earthquake and political violence[J].Am J Psychiatry,2000,157(6):911-6
[2]Thienkrua W,Cardozo B L,Chakkraband M L,et al.Symptoms ofposttraumatic stress disorder and depression among children in tsuna-mi-affected areas in southern thailand[J].Jama,2006,296(5):549-59
[3]Goenjian A K,Molina L,Steinberg A M,et al.Posttraumatic stressand depressive reactions among nicaraguan adolescents after hurri-cane mitch[J].Am J Psychiatry,2001,158(5):788-94
[4]Kolaitis G,Kotsopoulos J,Tsiantis J,et al.Posttraumatic stress re-actions among children following the athens earthquake of september1999[J].Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2003,12(6):273-80
[5]Giannopoulou I,Strouthos M,Smith P,et al.Post-traumatic stressreactions of children and adolescents exposed to the athens 1999earthquake[J].Eur Psychiatry,2006,21(3):160-1666
[6]Birmaher B,Khetarpal S,Brent D,et al.The screen for child anxi-ety related emotional disorders(scared):Scale construction and psychometric characteristics[J].J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry,1997,36(4):545-553
[7]王凯,苏林雁,朱炎,等.儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表的中国城市常模[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2002,10(4):270-272
[8]Su L,Wang K,Fan F,et al.Reliability and validity of the screen forchild anxiety related emotional disorders(scared)in chinese children[J].J Anxiety Disord,2008,22(4):612-621
[9]苏林雁,高雪屏,金宇,等.小学生焦虑抑郁共存的现状调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2006,20(1):1-4
[10]Acierno R,Ruggiero K J,Galea S,et al.Psychological sequelae re-sulting from the 2004 florida hurricanes:Implications for postdisas-ter intervention[J].Am J Public Health,2007,97(11):103-108
[2]Thienkrua W,Cardozo B L,Chakkraband M L,et al.Symptoms ofposttraumatic stress disorder and depression among children in tsuna-mi-affected areas in southern thailand[J].Jama,2006,296(5):549-59
[3]Goenjian A K,Molina L,Steinberg A M,et al.Posttraumatic stressand depressive reactions among nicaraguan adolescents after hurri-cane mitch[J].Am J Psychiatry,2001,158(5):788-94
[4]Kolaitis G,Kotsopoulos J,Tsiantis J,et al.Posttraumatic stress re-actions among children following the athens earthquake of september1999[J].Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2003,12(6):273-80
[5]Giannopoulou I,Strouthos M,Smith P,et al.Post-traumatic stressreactions of children and adolescents exposed to the athens 1999earthquake[J].Eur Psychiatry,2006,21(3):160-1666
[6]Birmaher B,Khetarpal S,Brent D,et al.The screen for child anxi-ety related emotional disorders(scared):Scale construction and psychometric characteristics[J].J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry,1997,36(4):545-553
[7]王凯,苏林雁,朱炎,等.儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表的中国城市常模[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2002,10(4):270-272
[8]Su L,Wang K,Fan F,et al.Reliability and validity of the screen forchild anxiety related emotional disorders(scared)in chinese children[J].J Anxiety Disord,2008,22(4):612-621
[9]苏林雁,高雪屏,金宇,等.小学生焦虑抑郁共存的现状调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2006,20(1):1-4
[10]Acierno R,Ruggiero K J,Galea S,et al.Psychological sequelae re-sulting from the 2004 florida hurricanes:Implications for postdisas-ter intervention[J].Am J Public Health,2007,97(11):103-108
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心