部分叠加资料纵横波速度测井约束反演
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摘要
本文提出一种角度部分叠加资料同时反演纵波和横波速度的方法.以角度部分叠加资料为基础,利用地震波振幅随入射角变化与弹性参数间的数学关系,基于非线性最优化理论,通过将最小平方问题转化为大型带状矩阵的求解问题,采用逐道外推技术依次求得该角度剖面的每个点纵波和横波速度值,利用地震波速度在各向异性介质中与入射角的关系,进一步得到地震波零入射角纵、横波速度,从而可以求得纵横波速度比及泊松比,为地震资料的岩性及含油气性解释提供了丰富的参数信息.为保证反演的稳定性,降低多解性,采用测井、叠后构造层位解释结果的共同约束,并做好叠前去噪以及振幅保持处理.
This work proposes a method to inverse P and S wave velocity simultaneously using partially stacked angle data.This method is based on partially stacked angle data and the relationship between the variations of seismic wave amplitudes with incidence angles and the elastic parameters.According to the non-linear optimization theory,the least square problem is converted into the solution issue of large-sized band-shape matrix.Using the extrapolation gather by gather,the values of P and S wave velocities at each point on the angle profile are calculated sequentially.Then,in terms of the relationship between seismic wave velocities and incidence angles in anisotropic media,the P and S wave velocities for the case of vertical incidence are determined.Further more,ratios of P and S wave velocities and Poisson's ratio are obtained which provide abundant parameter information for lithologic and hydrocarbon-bearing interpretations of seismic data.To ensure stability of inversion and reduction of multi-solution possibility,this method employs the joint constraints of well logging and poststack structural layer interpretations,and makes prestack noise elimination and amplitude preservation as much as possible.
This work proposes a method to inverse P and S wave velocity simultaneously using partially stacked angle data.This method is based on partially stacked angle data and the relationship between the variations of seismic wave amplitudes with incidence angles and the elastic parameters.According to the non-linear optimization theory,the least square problem is converted into the solution issue of large-sized band-shape matrix.Using the extrapolation gather by gather,the values of P and S wave velocities at each point on the angle profile are calculated sequentially.Then,in terms of the relationship between seismic wave velocities and incidence angles in anisotropic media,the P and S wave velocities for the case of vertical incidence are determined.Further more,ratios of P and S wave velocities and Poisson's ratio are obtained which provide abundant parameter information for lithologic and hydrocarbon-bearing interpretations of seismic data.To ensure stability of inversion and reduction of multi-solution possibility,this method employs the joint constraints of well logging and poststack structural layer interpretations,and makes prestack noise elimination and amplitude preservation as much as possible.
引文
[1]高喜龙,孙希瑞,李顺玲,等.测井约束反演在埕岛油田储层预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):334~338.Gao X L,Sun X R,Li S L,et al.Application of logging-restrained inversion in reservoir prediction of Chengdao Oilfield[J].OGP(in Chinese),2001,36(3):334~338.
[2]高少武,蔡加铭,赵波,等.地震和测井联合反演储层波阻抗技术[J].石油物探,2002,41(3):279~284.Gao S W,Cai J M,Zhao P,et al.Seismic and logging jointinversion of wave impedance[J].Geophysical Prospecting forpetroleum(in Chinese),2002,41(3):279~284.
[3]姚逢昌,甘利灯.地震反演的应用与限制[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):53~56.Yao F C,Gan L D.Application and restriction of seismicinversion[J].Petroleum exploration and development(inChinese),2000,27(2):53~56.
[4]苑书金,于常青.各向异性介质中的弹性阻抗及其反演[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):520~523.Yuan S J,Yu C Q.Elastic impedance and seismic inversion inanisotropic media[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):520~523.
[5]刘国萍,陈小宏,李景叶.弹性波阻抗在时移地震中的应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):559~563.Liu G P,Chen X H,Li j Y.Application and analysis of elasticimpedance in time lapse seismolgy[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):559~563.
[6]张美根,王妙月,李小凡,等.时间域全波场各向异性弹性参数反演[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):94~100.Zhang M G,Wang M Y,Li X F,et al.Wave field inverdion ofanisotropic elasticparameters in the time domain[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(1):94~100.
[7]聂建新,杨顶辉,杨慧珠.基于非饱和多孔隙介质BISQ模型的储层参数反演[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1101~1105.Nie J X,Yang D H,Yang H Z.Inversion of reservoirparameters based on the BISQ model in partially saturatedporous media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(6):1101~1105.
[8]王山山,李灿平,李青仁,等.快速模拟退火地震反演[J].地球物理学报.1995,38(增1):602~607.Wang S S,Li C P,Li Q R,et al.The sesmic inversion usingthe fast simulated annealing algorithm[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1995,38(S1):602~607.
[9]Patrick C.Elastic impedance[J].The leading Edge,1999,18(4):438~452.
[10]Whitcomebe D N.Entended elastic imedance for finid andlothology prediction[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):63~67.
[11]姜秀娣,魏修成,黄捍东等.利用不同角度域P波资料反演纵、横波速度[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5):585~590.Jiang X D,Wei X C,Huang H D,et al.P-wave and S-wavevelocity inversion from P wave data at different angle range[J].OGP(in Chinese),2005,40(5):585~590.
[12]Aki K,Richared P G.Quantitative Seismology(Theory andMethods)[J].Freeman and Company,San Francisco,1980.
[13]席少霖.非线性最优化方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992.Xi S L.Nonlinear optimization approach[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1992..
[14]石殿祥.AVO分析中求取角道集的新方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(增1):10~19.Shi D X.The new method to obtain angle gather in the AVOanalysis[J].OGP(in Chinese),1994,29(S1):10~19.
[15]葛文军.迭代曲射线法求角道集[J].石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(3):410~419.Ge W J.Iterative Curved ray method for forming angulartrace gather[J].OGP(in Chinese),1992,27(3):410~419.
[16]胡天跃,王润秋,White R E.地震资料处理中的聚束滤波方法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(1):105~115.Hu Tianyue,Wang Runqiu,White R E.Beamforming inseismic data processing[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2000,43(1):105~115.
[17]王润秋,胡天跃.用聚束滤波方法消除地震资料中规则噪音[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(4):268~272.Wang R Q,Hu T Y.Regular interference attenuation forseismic data using beamforming[J].Progress in ExplorationGeophysics(in Chinese),2003,26(4):268~272.
[18]王汝珍.多次波识别与衰减[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(5-6):423~432.Wang R.Recognition and suppression of multiple waves[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,26(5-6):423~432.
[19]马劲风,张忠伟,王家珉.垂直入射假设对井旁地震道子波提取的影响及改进措施[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,21(3):191~196.Ma J F,Zhang Z W,Wang J M.Effect of wavelet extractingwith a seismic trace near well based on normal incidenceassumption and its improving method[J].Oil&gas Geolog(in Chinese)y,2000,21(3):191~196.
[20]冯?,刘财,杨宝俊,等.分时窗提取地震子波及在合成地震记录中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(1):71~77.Feng X,Liu C,Yang B J,et al.The extractive method ofseismic wavelet in different time window and the applicationin synthetic seismogram[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2002,17(1):71~77.
[21]孟宪军,慎国强,王玉梅,等.叠前AVA地震纵横波阻抗同步反演技术研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(增刊):53~55.Meng X J,Shen G Q,Wang Y M,et al.Prestack AVAseismic P and S wave impedance synchronous inveriontechnology research[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum(in Chinese),2004,43(S1):53~55.
[22]Henning K,Mauricio D S.Least-squares wave-equationmigration for AVP/AVA inversion[J].Geophysics,2003,68:262~273.
[23]Matteo M B,Giancarlo B,Giuseppe D.AVO and AVAinversion for fractured reservoir characterization[J].Geophysics,2002,67:300~306.
[24]Sverre B D,De-Hoop M V,Bjorn U.Focusing in dip andAVA compensation on scattering-angle/azimuth commonimage gathers[J].Geophysics,2003,68:232~254
[2]高少武,蔡加铭,赵波,等.地震和测井联合反演储层波阻抗技术[J].石油物探,2002,41(3):279~284.Gao S W,Cai J M,Zhao P,et al.Seismic and logging jointinversion of wave impedance[J].Geophysical Prospecting forpetroleum(in Chinese),2002,41(3):279~284.
[3]姚逢昌,甘利灯.地震反演的应用与限制[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):53~56.Yao F C,Gan L D.Application and restriction of seismicinversion[J].Petroleum exploration and development(inChinese),2000,27(2):53~56.
[4]苑书金,于常青.各向异性介质中的弹性阻抗及其反演[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):520~523.Yuan S J,Yu C Q.Elastic impedance and seismic inversion inanisotropic media[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):520~523.
[5]刘国萍,陈小宏,李景叶.弹性波阻抗在时移地震中的应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):559~563.Liu G P,Chen X H,Li j Y.Application and analysis of elasticimpedance in time lapse seismolgy[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):559~563.
[6]张美根,王妙月,李小凡,等.时间域全波场各向异性弹性参数反演[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):94~100.Zhang M G,Wang M Y,Li X F,et al.Wave field inverdion ofanisotropic elasticparameters in the time domain[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(1):94~100.
[7]聂建新,杨顶辉,杨慧珠.基于非饱和多孔隙介质BISQ模型的储层参数反演[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1101~1105.Nie J X,Yang D H,Yang H Z.Inversion of reservoirparameters based on the BISQ model in partially saturatedporous media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(6):1101~1105.
[8]王山山,李灿平,李青仁,等.快速模拟退火地震反演[J].地球物理学报.1995,38(增1):602~607.Wang S S,Li C P,Li Q R,et al.The sesmic inversion usingthe fast simulated annealing algorithm[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1995,38(S1):602~607.
[9]Patrick C.Elastic impedance[J].The leading Edge,1999,18(4):438~452.
[10]Whitcomebe D N.Entended elastic imedance for finid andlothology prediction[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):63~67.
[11]姜秀娣,魏修成,黄捍东等.利用不同角度域P波资料反演纵、横波速度[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5):585~590.Jiang X D,Wei X C,Huang H D,et al.P-wave and S-wavevelocity inversion from P wave data at different angle range[J].OGP(in Chinese),2005,40(5):585~590.
[12]Aki K,Richared P G.Quantitative Seismology(Theory andMethods)[J].Freeman and Company,San Francisco,1980.
[13]席少霖.非线性最优化方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992.Xi S L.Nonlinear optimization approach[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1992..
[14]石殿祥.AVO分析中求取角道集的新方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(增1):10~19.Shi D X.The new method to obtain angle gather in the AVOanalysis[J].OGP(in Chinese),1994,29(S1):10~19.
[15]葛文军.迭代曲射线法求角道集[J].石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(3):410~419.Ge W J.Iterative Curved ray method for forming angulartrace gather[J].OGP(in Chinese),1992,27(3):410~419.
[16]胡天跃,王润秋,White R E.地震资料处理中的聚束滤波方法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(1):105~115.Hu Tianyue,Wang Runqiu,White R E.Beamforming inseismic data processing[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2000,43(1):105~115.
[17]王润秋,胡天跃.用聚束滤波方法消除地震资料中规则噪音[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(4):268~272.Wang R Q,Hu T Y.Regular interference attenuation forseismic data using beamforming[J].Progress in ExplorationGeophysics(in Chinese),2003,26(4):268~272.
[18]王汝珍.多次波识别与衰减[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(5-6):423~432.Wang R.Recognition and suppression of multiple waves[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,26(5-6):423~432.
[19]马劲风,张忠伟,王家珉.垂直入射假设对井旁地震道子波提取的影响及改进措施[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,21(3):191~196.Ma J F,Zhang Z W,Wang J M.Effect of wavelet extractingwith a seismic trace near well based on normal incidenceassumption and its improving method[J].Oil&gas Geolog(in Chinese)y,2000,21(3):191~196.
[20]冯?,刘财,杨宝俊,等.分时窗提取地震子波及在合成地震记录中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(1):71~77.Feng X,Liu C,Yang B J,et al.The extractive method ofseismic wavelet in different time window and the applicationin synthetic seismogram[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2002,17(1):71~77.
[21]孟宪军,慎国强,王玉梅,等.叠前AVA地震纵横波阻抗同步反演技术研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(增刊):53~55.Meng X J,Shen G Q,Wang Y M,et al.Prestack AVAseismic P and S wave impedance synchronous inveriontechnology research[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum(in Chinese),2004,43(S1):53~55.
[22]Henning K,Mauricio D S.Least-squares wave-equationmigration for AVP/AVA inversion[J].Geophysics,2003,68:262~273.
[23]Matteo M B,Giancarlo B,Giuseppe D.AVO and AVAinversion for fractured reservoir characterization[J].Geophysics,2002,67:300~306.
[24]Sverre B D,De-Hoop M V,Bjorn U.Focusing in dip andAVA compensation on scattering-angle/azimuth commonimage gathers[J].Geophysics,2003,68:232~254
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