瞬时谱分析技术与气水识别方法研究
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摘要
频率是物质的固有属性,不同的物质对地震波具有相应的响应频段。含有烃类的储层对地震波的高频和低频成分具有不同的特殊响应,与含水储层相比,其响应特征又存在明显的差异。瞬时谱分析技术秉承小波函数时间域与频率域局部化良好的优点,在小波域内对地震信号进行时频分解,拾取瞬时振幅谱,以形成新的"频率道集",能在时间域和频率内同时展现振幅随频率的变化特征。因此,瞬时谱分析技术能够描述地下介质由于频率因素引起的不同响应,可以有效地凸显含水、含气储层的相应特征信息。将该技术应用到川西坳陷深层须家河组致密碎屑岩储层的气水识别中,获得了与测井记录相符合的良好效果。
Frequency was the intrinsic property of a material. The hydrocarbon reservoir had different responses to different seismic waves of high frequency and low frequency, and compared with hydrated reservoirs, it had apparently different responses from that of hydrocarbon reservoir to seismic waves of high frequency and low frequency. The technology of instantaneous spectral analysis inherited the localization and multi-resolution characters of wavelet function, decomposed the seismic signal in frequency-time domain by wavelet transform, obtained instantaneous amplitude spectrum, then formed a new "frequency gather", which could show the changing characters of amplitude versus frequency in time and frequency domain simultaneously. Therefore apply the technology of instantaneous spectral analysis was used to describe different media responses caused by the frequency, and effectively reveal the correlative information response to hydrocarbon and hydrated reservoirs, which was a new approach of gas and water discrimination. A case application of instantaneous spectral analysis technique to seismic data from the deep Xujiahe Formation gas reservoirs in west Sichuan Depression provides robust indications for reservoir prediction and gas detection.
Frequency was the intrinsic property of a material. The hydrocarbon reservoir had different responses to different seismic waves of high frequency and low frequency, and compared with hydrated reservoirs, it had apparently different responses from that of hydrocarbon reservoir to seismic waves of high frequency and low frequency. The technology of instantaneous spectral analysis inherited the localization and multi-resolution characters of wavelet function, decomposed the seismic signal in frequency-time domain by wavelet transform, obtained instantaneous amplitude spectrum, then formed a new "frequency gather", which could show the changing characters of amplitude versus frequency in time and frequency domain simultaneously. Therefore apply the technology of instantaneous spectral analysis was used to describe different media responses caused by the frequency, and effectively reveal the correlative information response to hydrocarbon and hydrated reservoirs, which was a new approach of gas and water discrimination. A case application of instantaneous spectral analysis technique to seismic data from the deep Xujiahe Formation gas reservoirs in west Sichuan Depression provides robust indications for reservoir prediction and gas detection.
引文
[1]John P Castagna,Shengjie Sun,Robert WSiegfried.Instantaneous spectral analysis:Detection of low-frequency shadows associated with hydrocarbons[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(2):120~127.
[2]Emeka Odebeatu,Jinghua Zhang,Mark Chapman,et al.Application of spectral decomposition to detection of dispersion anomalies as-sociated with gas saturation[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(2):206~210.
[3]贾承造,赵文智,邹才能等.岩性地层油气藏勘探研究的两项核心技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(3):3~9.
[4]徐炳高.川东北地区碳酸盐岩储层分类与油气识别方法研究[J].测井技术,2004,28(5):410~413.
[5]李瑞,向运川,杨光惠等.孔隙结构指数在鄂尔多斯中部气田气水识别中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,31(6):689~693.
[6]伍志明,李亚林,巫芙蓉等.多分量资料在碳酸盐岩裂缝性气藏气水识别中的应用研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(1):75~77.
[7]彭真明,李亚林,梁波等.叠前弹性阻抗在储层气水识别中的应用[J].天然气工业,2007,27(4):43~45.
[8]Satish Sinha,Patrha S Routh,Phil D Anno,et al.Spectral decomposition of seismic data with continuous-wavelet transformation[J].Geophysics,2005,70(6):19~25.
[9]高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明等.地震资料处理中小波函数选取研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3):392~400.
[10]Avijit Chakraborty,David Okaya.Frequency-ti me decomposition of seismic data using wavelet-based methods[J].Geophysics,1995,60(6):1906~1916.
[11]李世雄,汪继文.信号的瞬时参数与正交基[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(1):97~104.
[12]Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin L.Esti mation of fracture parameters fromreflection seismic data.Part I:HTI model due to a single fracture set[J].Geophysics,2000,65(6):1788~1802.
[13]John P Castagna,Shengjie Sun,Robert WSiegfried.Instantaneous spectral analysis:Detection of low-frequency shadows associated with hydrocarbons[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(2):120~127.
[14]徐天吉,程冰洁.小波域地震信号的多尺度研究与应用[J].石油天然气学报,2007,29(5):80~83.
[2]Emeka Odebeatu,Jinghua Zhang,Mark Chapman,et al.Application of spectral decomposition to detection of dispersion anomalies as-sociated with gas saturation[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(2):206~210.
[3]贾承造,赵文智,邹才能等.岩性地层油气藏勘探研究的两项核心技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(3):3~9.
[4]徐炳高.川东北地区碳酸盐岩储层分类与油气识别方法研究[J].测井技术,2004,28(5):410~413.
[5]李瑞,向运川,杨光惠等.孔隙结构指数在鄂尔多斯中部气田气水识别中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,31(6):689~693.
[6]伍志明,李亚林,巫芙蓉等.多分量资料在碳酸盐岩裂缝性气藏气水识别中的应用研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(1):75~77.
[7]彭真明,李亚林,梁波等.叠前弹性阻抗在储层气水识别中的应用[J].天然气工业,2007,27(4):43~45.
[8]Satish Sinha,Patrha S Routh,Phil D Anno,et al.Spectral decomposition of seismic data with continuous-wavelet transformation[J].Geophysics,2005,70(6):19~25.
[9]高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明等.地震资料处理中小波函数选取研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3):392~400.
[10]Avijit Chakraborty,David Okaya.Frequency-ti me decomposition of seismic data using wavelet-based methods[J].Geophysics,1995,60(6):1906~1916.
[11]李世雄,汪继文.信号的瞬时参数与正交基[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(1):97~104.
[12]Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin L.Esti mation of fracture parameters fromreflection seismic data.Part I:HTI model due to a single fracture set[J].Geophysics,2000,65(6):1788~1802.
[13]John P Castagna,Shengjie Sun,Robert WSiegfried.Instantaneous spectral analysis:Detection of low-frequency shadows associated with hydrocarbons[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(2):120~127.
[14]徐天吉,程冰洁.小波域地震信号的多尺度研究与应用[J].石油天然气学报,2007,29(5):80~83.
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