山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义
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摘要
震积岩是具有古地震事件记录的岩层 ,讨论了在山东惠民凹陷古近纪陆源碎屑断陷湖盆砂泥质沉积中发现地震灾变事件的典型变形构造 ,包括微同沉积断裂和震裂缝、卷曲变形构造、水下岩脉和泄水构造、震积枕状及伴生构造等。在此基础上 ,建立了该区古近系碎屑岩震积岩垂向序列 :A段下伏未震层 ,B段微同沉积断裂层 ,C段微褶皱变形层 ,D段枕状构造及伴生构造层 ,E段液化均一层和F段上覆未震层。层序的完整性取决于剖面位置 ,地震震级 ,特别是发生地震处的岩性。根据震积岩的分布规律和沉积特征讨论了其地质意义 :震积岩集中发育在凹陷边界断层和中央断裂带附近 ,代表凹陷边界断裂和中央断裂强烈活动时期 ,有助于断陷盆地构造演化的动力学解释 ;可能是一种潜在的油气储层
This paper discussed the sedimentary property, vertical sequence and geological significance of seismites of Paleogene in Huimin sag, Shandong Province. Seismite is a kind of catastrophic event rock, being the terrane with ancient earthquake records. Huimin sag was a fault lake in Paleogenein Bohaiwan basin. The sandstones and mudstones were the main sedimentary rocks with in the sag. Many typical deformation structures were caused by widespread earthquake in the sag. They were syn sedimentary microfactures (includingfault graded), seismic fissure bed, sandstone vein, water escape structure, "pillow structure", ball structure, convolute lamination, load structure and flame structure, etc. The vertical sequence of seismite of petroclastic rock in Paleogene in Huimin sag, from bottom to top, included 6 units: underlying unshocked layer, fissure layer, microfold layer, pillow structure and partner structure layer, liquefied homogeneous layer and overlying unshocked layer. Thecompletenessof the vertical sequence dependsonthe location of section, seismic level, especially the lithology. It is of important geologicalsignificance to study seismite. Most seismites in Paleogene in Huimin sag developed near the peripheral faults and central fault zone of the sag. The mass appearanceof seismites reflected the intensively active period of basin-controlling boundary faults, andcan be used to interpret the tectonic evolvement of fault basin. The seismites in fault basin can be likely reservoir for their specialtectonic location and structures.
This paper discussed the sedimentary property, vertical sequence and geological significance of seismites of Paleogene in Huimin sag, Shandong Province. Seismite is a kind of catastrophic event rock, being the terrane with ancient earthquake records. Huimin sag was a fault lake in Paleogenein Bohaiwan basin. The sandstones and mudstones were the main sedimentary rocks with in the sag. Many typical deformation structures were caused by widespread earthquake in the sag. They were syn sedimentary microfactures (includingfault graded), seismic fissure bed, sandstone vein, water escape structure, "pillow structure", ball structure, convolute lamination, load structure and flame structure, etc. The vertical sequence of seismite of petroclastic rock in Paleogene in Huimin sag, from bottom to top, included 6 units: underlying unshocked layer, fissure layer, microfold layer, pillow structure and partner structure layer, liquefied homogeneous layer and overlying unshocked layer. Thecompletenessof the vertical sequence dependsonthe location of section, seismic level, especially the lithology. It is of important geologicalsignificance to study seismite. Most seismites in Paleogene in Huimin sag developed near the peripheral faults and central fault zone of the sag. The mass appearanceof seismites reflected the intensively active period of basin-controlling boundary faults, andcan be used to interpret the tectonic evolvement of fault basin. The seismites in fault basin can be likely reservoir for their specialtectonic location and structures.
引文
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2 宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震-海啸序列.科学通报,1988,38(8):609～611[SongTianrui.Apossi blesuitofseismo tsunamisequenceinPrecambriancarbonaterockstra tuminShisanlinginBeijing.ChineseScienceBulletin,1988,38(8):609～611]
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4 乔秀夫,李海兵,高林志.华北地台震旦纪-早古生代地震节律.地学前缘,1997,4(3～4):155～160[QiaoXiufu,LiHaibing,GaoLinzhi.Sinian-earlyPaleozoicseismicrhythmsonthenorthChinaplatform.EarthScienceFrontiers,1997,4(3～4):155～160]
5 乔秀夫,高林志.华北中新元古代及早中生代地震灾变事件及与Ro dinia的关系.科学通报,1999,44(16):1753～1758[QiaoXiufu,GaoLinzhi.EarthquakeeventsinNeoproterozoicandearlyPaleozoicanditsrelationshipwithsupercontinentalRodiniainNorthChina.ChineseSci enceBulletin,1999,44(16):1753～1758]
6 乔秀夫.中国震积岩的研究与展望.地质论评,1996,42(4):317～320[QiaoXiufu.StudyofseismitesofChinaanditsprospects.Geologi calReview,1996,42(4):317～320]
7 梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵.试论震积岩及震积不整合--以川西、滇西地区为例.现代地质,1991,5(2):138～147[LiangDingyi,NieZe tong,WangXiaoqiao.Ontheseismitesandseismodiconformity-taketheW .SichuanandW .Yunnanregionsasanexample.Geo science,1991,5(2):138～147]
8 梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏.再论震积岩及震积不整合--以川西、滇西地区为例.地球科学,1994,19(6):845～850[LiangDingyi,NieZetong,SongZhimin.Arestudyonseismitesandseismo unconformi ty:TakingwesternSichuanandwesternYunnanasanexample.EarthScience,1994,19(6):845～850]
9 孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.大陆边缘震积岩序列--以金沙江中段震积岩为例.现代地质,1995,9(3):1～27[SunXiaomeng,LiangDingy i,NieZetong.Seismitesequenceincontinentalmargin-Takingseis miteinmiddleregionofJinshariverasanexample.Geoscience,1995,9(3):1～27]
10 杜远生,张传恒,韩欣.滇西地区中元古代大龙口组震积岩的新发现.沉积学报,1999,24(增刊):28～37[DuYuansheng,ZhangChuanheng,HanXin.NewdiscoveryofseismitesinDalongkougroupinMid-ProterozoicinDianxi.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,1996,14(Suppl.):28～37]
11 吴贤涛,尹国勋.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义.沉积学报,1992,10(3):19～24[WuXaintao,YinGuoxun.DiscoveryandsignificanceofseismitesoflakedepositionoflateJurassicinErmeiinSichuan.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,1992,10(3):19～24]
12 南凌,崔之久.地震混杂岩(震积岩)的沉积特征和识别.地震地质译丛,1996,18(6):1～9[NanLing,CuiZhijiu.Sedimentarycharac teristicsandrecognitionofseismites.SeismologyandGeologyVer sions,1996,18(6):1～9]
13 杜远生,韩欣.论震积作用和震积岩.地球科学进展,2000,(4):389～394[DuYuansheng,HanXin.Seismo depositionandseismites.AdvanceinEarthSciences,2000,(4):389～394]
14 BauermanH .Reportonthegeologyofthecountryneartheforty ninthparallelofnorthlatitudewestoftheRockyMountains.GeologicalSur veyofCanadaReport(1882-83-84,pt.B),1985.1～42
15 IanJFairchild,GerhardEinsele,TianruiSong.PossibleseismicoriginofmolartoothstructuresinNeoproterozoiccarbonaterampdeposits,northChina.Sedimentology,1997,44:611～636
16 RossettiDF ,GoesAM .Decipheringthesedimentologyicalimprintofpaleoseismicevents:anexamplefromtheAptianCodoformation,northernBrazil.SedimentaryGeology,2000,135:137～156
17 乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳,等.古郯庐带沧浪铺阶地震事件、层序及构造意义.中国科学(D辑),2001,31(11):911～918[QiaoXiufu,Gaolinzhi,PengYang,etal.Seismicevent,sequenceandtectonicsignificanceinCanglangpuStageinPaleo-TanluFaultZone.ScienceinChina(SeriesD),2001,31(11):911～918]
18 BrainR ,Pratt.Oceangraphy,bathymetryandsyndepositionaltecton icsofaPrecambrianintracratonicbasin:integratingsediments,storms,earthquakesandtsunamisinthebeltsupergroupHelenaformation,ca.1.45Ga,westernnorthAmerica.SedimentaryGeology,2001,141～142:371～394
19 RoepTB ,EventsAJ.Pillow-beds:anewtypeofseismites?AnexamplefromanOligoceneturbiditefancomplex,Alicante.Sedimen tology,1992,39:711～724
20 杜远生,张传恒,韩欣.滇西中元古代昆阳群的地震事件沉积及其地质意义.中国科学(D辑),2001,31(4):284～290[DuYuansheng,Zhang
2 宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震-海啸序列.科学通报,1988,38(8):609～611[SongTianrui.Apossi blesuitofseismo tsunamisequenceinPrecambriancarbonaterockstra tuminShisanlinginBeijing.ChineseScienceBulletin,1988,38(8):609～611]
3 乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列.地质学报,1994,68(1):16～32[QiaoXiufu,SongTianrui,GaoLinzhi,etal.Seismicsequenceincarbonaterocksbyvibrationalliquefaction.ActaGeologicalSinica,1994,68(1):16～34]
4 乔秀夫,李海兵,高林志.华北地台震旦纪-早古生代地震节律.地学前缘,1997,4(3～4):155～160[QiaoXiufu,LiHaibing,GaoLinzhi.Sinian-earlyPaleozoicseismicrhythmsonthenorthChinaplatform.EarthScienceFrontiers,1997,4(3～4):155～160]
5 乔秀夫,高林志.华北中新元古代及早中生代地震灾变事件及与Ro dinia的关系.科学通报,1999,44(16):1753～1758[QiaoXiufu,GaoLinzhi.EarthquakeeventsinNeoproterozoicandearlyPaleozoicanditsrelationshipwithsupercontinentalRodiniainNorthChina.ChineseSci enceBulletin,1999,44(16):1753～1758]
6 乔秀夫.中国震积岩的研究与展望.地质论评,1996,42(4):317～320[QiaoXiufu.StudyofseismitesofChinaanditsprospects.Geologi calReview,1996,42(4):317～320]
7 梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵.试论震积岩及震积不整合--以川西、滇西地区为例.现代地质,1991,5(2):138～147[LiangDingyi,NieZe tong,WangXiaoqiao.Ontheseismitesandseismodiconformity-taketheW .SichuanandW .Yunnanregionsasanexample.Geo science,1991,5(2):138～147]
8 梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏.再论震积岩及震积不整合--以川西、滇西地区为例.地球科学,1994,19(6):845～850[LiangDingyi,NieZetong,SongZhimin.Arestudyonseismitesandseismo unconformi ty:TakingwesternSichuanandwesternYunnanasanexample.EarthScience,1994,19(6):845～850]
9 孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.大陆边缘震积岩序列--以金沙江中段震积岩为例.现代地质,1995,9(3):1～27[SunXiaomeng,LiangDingy i,NieZetong.Seismitesequenceincontinentalmargin-Takingseis miteinmiddleregionofJinshariverasanexample.Geoscience,1995,9(3):1～27]
10 杜远生,张传恒,韩欣.滇西地区中元古代大龙口组震积岩的新发现.沉积学报,1999,24(增刊):28～37[DuYuansheng,ZhangChuanheng,HanXin.NewdiscoveryofseismitesinDalongkougroupinMid-ProterozoicinDianxi.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,1996,14(Suppl.):28～37]
11 吴贤涛,尹国勋.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义.沉积学报,1992,10(3):19～24[WuXaintao,YinGuoxun.DiscoveryandsignificanceofseismitesoflakedepositionoflateJurassicinErmeiinSichuan.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,1992,10(3):19～24]
12 南凌,崔之久.地震混杂岩(震积岩)的沉积特征和识别.地震地质译丛,1996,18(6):1～9[NanLing,CuiZhijiu.Sedimentarycharac teristicsandrecognitionofseismites.SeismologyandGeologyVer sions,1996,18(6):1～9]
13 杜远生,韩欣.论震积作用和震积岩.地球科学进展,2000,(4):389～394[DuYuansheng,HanXin.Seismo depositionandseismites.AdvanceinEarthSciences,2000,(4):389～394]
14 BauermanH .Reportonthegeologyofthecountryneartheforty ninthparallelofnorthlatitudewestoftheRockyMountains.GeologicalSur veyofCanadaReport(1882-83-84,pt.B),1985.1～42
15 IanJFairchild,GerhardEinsele,TianruiSong.PossibleseismicoriginofmolartoothstructuresinNeoproterozoiccarbonaterampdeposits,northChina.Sedimentology,1997,44:611～636
16 RossettiDF ,GoesAM .Decipheringthesedimentologyicalimprintofpaleoseismicevents:anexamplefromtheAptianCodoformation,northernBrazil.SedimentaryGeology,2000,135:137～156
17 乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳,等.古郯庐带沧浪铺阶地震事件、层序及构造意义.中国科学(D辑),2001,31(11):911～918[QiaoXiufu,Gaolinzhi,PengYang,etal.Seismicevent,sequenceandtectonicsignificanceinCanglangpuStageinPaleo-TanluFaultZone.ScienceinChina(SeriesD),2001,31(11):911～918]
18 BrainR ,Pratt.Oceangraphy,bathymetryandsyndepositionaltecton icsofaPrecambrianintracratonicbasin:integratingsediments,storms,earthquakesandtsunamisinthebeltsupergroupHelenaformation,ca.1.45Ga,westernnorthAmerica.SedimentaryGeology,2001,141～142:371～394
19 RoepTB ,EventsAJ.Pillow-beds:anewtypeofseismites?AnexamplefromanOligoceneturbiditefancomplex,Alicante.Sedimen tology,1992,39:711～724
20 杜远生,张传恒,韩欣.滇西中元古代昆阳群的地震事件沉积及其地质意义.中国科学(D辑),2001,31(4):284～290[DuYuansheng,Zhang
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