基于RTK GPS技术的超高层结构风振观测
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摘要
结构使用期间,由于各种原因,会造成其不同程度的损伤和破坏,为了保证结构的安全和尽可能地延长它的使用年限,应对其进行实时地健康监测与安全性评估。随着RTKGPS技术的逐步成熟,这一高效、快速、全自动、全天候和高精度的健康监测方法在特大型土木工程中开始应用。以某超高层建筑为背景,设计了基于GPS的风振观测系统,进行了强风下的现场试验;采用小波理论对实测的风速和风压进行了小波量图与小波相干分析,针对小波相干分析中由于噪声引起的伪相干现象建立了基于蒙特卡罗的统计显著性水平估计方法;最后对结构的风振响应进行了模态分析,与有限元数值分析结果吻合较好。
During service period, structures may be subject to different degrees of damage and destruction due to various loadings. In order to ensure the safety of structures and extend its safe service life, structural health monitoring and safety assessment must be conducted real-time. The Global Positioning System (GPS), owing to its attractive characteristics such as high efficiency, rapid determination, continuous operation and full automatization, has been used in health monitoring of large structures in recent years. A structural health monitoring system based on GPS is devised for a high-rise building. An experimental study is discussed in details. The relationship between wind and wind pressure on the building are analyzed using wavelet scalogram and wavelet coherence method. A statistical estimation method based on Monte Carlo simulation is presented to isolate meaningful coherence from the spurious noise. Finally, the responses of the high-rise building are investigated using the periodogram method, the results of which agree well with the computed results by the finite element method (FEM).
During service period, structures may be subject to different degrees of damage and destruction due to various loadings. In order to ensure the safety of structures and extend its safe service life, structural health monitoring and safety assessment must be conducted real-time. The Global Positioning System (GPS), owing to its attractive characteristics such as high efficiency, rapid determination, continuous operation and full automatization, has been used in health monitoring of large structures in recent years. A structural health monitoring system based on GPS is devised for a high-rise building. An experimental study is discussed in details. The relationship between wind and wind pressure on the building are analyzed using wavelet scalogram and wavelet coherence method. A statistical estimation method based on Monte Carlo simulation is presented to isolate meaningful coherence from the spurious noise. Finally, the responses of the high-rise building are investigated using the periodogram method, the results of which agree well with the computed results by the finite element method (FEM).
引文
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[2]李宏男,李东升.土木工程结构安全性评估、健康监测及诊断述评[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(3):82~90.Li Hongnan,Li Dongsheng.Safety assessment,health monitoring and damage diagnosis for structures in civil engineering[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,22(3):82~90.(in Chinese)
[3]李宏男,伊廷华,王国新.GPS在结构健康监测中的研究与应用进展[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(6):122~130.Li Hongnan,Yi Tinghua,Wang Guoxin.Progress in health monitoring using GPS technology in civil engineering[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2004,13(6):122~130.(in Chinese)
[4]李宏男,孙鸿敏.小波分析在土木工程中的应用[J].世界地震工程,2003,19(2):16~22.Li Hongnan,Sun Hongmin.Application of wavelet analytical method in civil engineering[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2003,19(2):16~22.(in Chinese)
[5]Gurley K,Kareem A.Application of wavelet transforms in earthquake,wind and ocean engineering[J].Engineering Structures,1999,21:149~167.
[6]Torrence C,Ebster P.Interdecadal changees in the ESNO-Monsoon system[J].Journal of Climate,1999,12(8):2679~2690.
[7]Chui C K.Wavelet analysis and applications:an introduction to wavelet[M].San Diego:Academic Press,1992.
[8]Torrence C,Compo G.A practical guide to wavelet analysis[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1998,79(1):61~78.
[9]Dunyak J,Gilliam X N,Peterson R.Coherent gust detection by wavelet transform[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1998,77/78(1):467~478.
[10]Gurley K,Tracy K C,Kareem A.First-and higher-order correlation detection using wavelet transforms[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,2003,129(2):188~201.
[11]伍军.大连世贸大厦结构设计[J].建筑科学,2004,20(5):35~38.Wu Jun.The structural design of World Trade Building in Dalian[J].Building Science,2004,20(5):35~38.(in Chinese)
[12]Jordan D A,Hajj M R,Tieleman H W.Wavelet analysis of the relation between atmospheric wind and pressure fluctuations on a low-rise building[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1997,69-71:647~655.
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