稳定的频率域提取接收函数方法研究
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摘要
频率域提取接收函数时引入"水准量"来代替垂向分量频谱中比较小的成分以保证反褶积结果的稳定性,却降低了精度,尤其对反映深部壳幔结构的低频信息影响较大;实际的等效震源时间函数长度是有限的,由于地震记录上后续干扰震相能量的影响,垂直分量波形往往比较复杂,若将其直接作为等效震源时间函数必然影响所提取接收函数的精度.针对以上问题,本文改进"水准量"的使用方法,并采取折中方案选取"水准量"和等效震源时间函数的长度,以便在频率域反褶积中得到稳定的接收函数,同时提高反褶积的精度.对观测数据的试验效果显示,本文方法提取的接收函数稳定性好、精度高,是一种有效的提取台站高质量接收函数的方法
"Water level" is brought into estimation of receiver function in frequency-domain to replace the value that is smaller than the level in vertical component, so that to improve the stability of deconvolution. However this will reduce the resolution of receiver function, especially the lower-frequency information which has significant meaning for studying the structure of crust and upper mantle. Furthermore, the effective source function actually has a finite length, and the vertical component is often very complicated because of the strong energy of later wave phases present on the seismic records. So it will absolutely affect the resolution of receiver function if the long record is used as an effective source function. In order to estimate stable receiver function with high resolution in frequency-domain, this paper proposed to improve the usage of "water level" and select an appropriate "water level" and effective source function length by tradeoff method. Its application to the observational data indicates that the method in this paper is effective to estimate receiver functions with high stability and resolution in frequency-domain.
"Water level" is brought into estimation of receiver function in frequency-domain to replace the value that is smaller than the level in vertical component, so that to improve the stability of deconvolution. However this will reduce the resolution of receiver function, especially the lower-frequency information which has significant meaning for studying the structure of crust and upper mantle. Furthermore, the effective source function actually has a finite length, and the vertical component is often very complicated because of the strong energy of later wave phases present on the seismic records. So it will absolutely affect the resolution of receiver function if the long record is used as an effective source function. In order to estimate stable receiver function with high resolution in frequency-domain, this paper proposed to improve the usage of "water level" and select an appropriate "water level" and effective source function length by tradeoff method. Its application to the observational data indicates that the method in this paper is effective to estimate receiver functions with high stability and resolution in frequency-domain.
引文
[1] 刘启元,李顺成,沈扬.延怀盆地及其邻区地壳上地幔速度结构的宽频带地震台阵研究.地球物理学报,1997,40(6) :763-773 Liu Q Y, Li S C, Shen Y. Broadband seismic array study of the crust and upper mantle velocity structure beneath Yanhuai basin and its neighbouring region. Chinese J. Geophys. (Acta Geophysica Sinica) (in Chinese), 1997, 40(6) :763-773
[2] 刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成等.新疆伽师强震群区三维地壳上地幔S波速度结构及其地震成因的探讨.地球物理学报,2000,43(3) :356-365 Liu Q Y, Chen J H, Li S C, et al. Passive seismic experiment in Xinjiangjiashi strong earthquake region and discussion on its seismic genesis, Chinese J. Geophys. C in Chinese), 2000,43(3) :356-365
[3] 吴庆举,曾融生.用宽频带远震接收函数研究青藏高原的地壳结构.地球物理学报,1998,41(5) :669-679 Wu Q J, Zeng R S. The crustal structure of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau inferred from broadband teleseismic waveform. Chinese J. Geophys. ( Acta Geophysica Sinica) ( in Chinese), 1998 ,41 (5) :669-679
[4] 吴庆举,曾融生,赵文津.喜马拉雅-青藏高原的上地幔倾斜构造与陆-陆碰撞过程.中国科学(D辑),2004,34(10) :919-925 Wu Q J, Zeng R S, Zhao W J. Upper mantle dipping tectonics and continent-continent collision process in Himalayan-Tibet. Science in China (Ser.D) (in Chinese),2004,34(10) :919-925
[5] 段永红,张先康,刘志等.长白山-镜泊湖火山区地壳结构接收函数研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(2) :352-358 Duan Y H, Zhang X K, Liu Z, et al. A study on crustal structures of Changbaishan-Jingpohu volcanic area using receiver functions. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2005, 48(2) :352-358
[6] 段永红,张先康,刘志等.阿尼玛卿缝合带东段地壳结构的接收函数研究.地震学报,2007,29(5) :483-491 Duan Y H, Zhang X K, Liu Z, et al. Crustal. structure using receiver function in the east part of A'nyemaqen suture belt. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) ,2007,29(5) :483-491
[7] Tian X B, Wu Q J, Zhang Z J, et al. Identification of multiple reflected phases from migration receiver function profile: an example for the INDEPTH-Ⅲ passive teleseismic P waveform data. Geophys. Res. Lett. ,2005,32, L08301, doi:10． 1029/2004GL021885
[8] Tian X B, Wu Q J, Zhang Z J, et al. Joint imaging by teleseismic converted and multiple waves and its application in the INDEPTH-Ⅲ passive seismic array. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 2005,32,L21315, doi:10． 1029/2005GL023686
[9] 李永华,吴庆举,田小波等.青藏高原拉萨及羌塘块体的地壳结构研究.地震学报,2006,28(6) :586-595 Li Y H, Wu Q J, Tian X B, et al. The crustal structure beneath Qiangtang and Lhasa terrane form receiver function. Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006, 28 (6) :586-595
[10] 杨毅,周蕙兰.用接收函数方法研究中国及邻区上地幔间 断面的埋藏深度.地球物理学报,2001,44(6) :783-792 Yang Y, Zhou H L. Application of receiver function method to estimate the buried depths of discontinuities in the upper mantle beneath China and adjacent area. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 2001,44(6) :783-792
[11] Kosarev G L, Kind R, Sobolev S V, et al. Seismic evidence for a detached Indian lithospheric mantle beneath Tibet. Science, 1999,283(5406) :306-1309
[12] 胡家富,苏有锦,朱雄关等.云南的地壳S波速度与泊松比结构及其意义.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(8) :714-722 Hu J F, Su Y J, Zhu X G, et al. Structure of crustal S-wave velocity and Poisson ratio in Yunnan and its significance. Science in China (Ser. D) (in Chinese) ,2003,33(8) :714-722
[13] 吴庆举,李永华,张瑞青等.接收函数的克希霍夫2D偏移方法.地球物理学报,2007,50(2) :539-545 Wu Q J, Li Y H, Zhang R Q, et al. 2D Kirchhoff migration for receiver function. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2007,50(2) :539-545
[14] 王红落,常旭,陈传仁.基于波动方程有限差分算法的接收函数正演与偏移.地球物理学报,2005,48(2) :415-422 Wang H L, Chang X, Chen C R. Receiver function forward modeling and migration based on wave-equation finite difference method. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 2005, 48(2) :415-422
[15] Owens T J, Zandt G, Taylor S R. Seismic evidence for an ancient rift beneath the Cumberland plateau, Tennessee: a detailed analysis of broadband teleseismic waveforms. J. Geophys. Res. ,1984,89:7783-7796
[16] 刘启元,Kind R,李顺成.接收函数复谱比的最大或然性估计及非线性反演.地球物理学报,1996,39(4) :502-513 Liu Q Y, Kind R, Li S C. Maximal likelihood estimation and nonlinear inversion of the complex receiver function spectrum ratio. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1996 ,39(4) :502-513
[17] 吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃等.用小波变换方法反演接收函数.地震学报,2003,25(6) :601-607 Wu Q J, Tian X B, Zhang N L, et al. Inversion of receiver function by wavelet transformation. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) , 2003,25(6) :601-607
[18] 周蕙兰,杨毅.接收函数反演上地幔速度结构和间断面的剥壳遗传算法.地球物理学报,2003,46(5) :382-389 Zhou H L, Yang Y. Peeling genetic algorithm of receiver functions inversion for upper mantle structure and discontinuities. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2003,46 (5) :382-389
[19] 李永华,吴庆举,安张辉等.青藏高原东北缘地壳S波速度结构与泊松比及其意义.地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1359-1368 Li Y H, Wu Q J, An Z H, et al. The Poisson ratio and crustal structure across the NE Tibetan Plateau determined from receiver functions. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006,49(5) :1359-1368
[20] 贺传松,王椿镛,吴建平.五大连池火山区地壳上地幔速度结构的接收函数反演.地震学报,2003,25(2) :128-136 He C S, Wang C Y, Wu J P. The velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in the Wudalianchi volcano area inferred from the receiver function. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) ,2003,25(2) :128-136
[21] Zandt G, Ammon C J. Continental crust composition constrained by measurements of crustal Poisson's ratio. Nature, 1995 ,374:152-154
[22] Zhu L P, Kanamori H. Moho depth variation in south California from teleseismic receiver functions. J. Geophys.Res. ,2000, 105:2969-2980
[23] Christensen N I. Poisson's ratio and crustal seismology. J. Geophys. Res. ,1996, 101:3139-3156
[24] Yuan X, Sobolev S V, Kind R. Moho topography in the central Andes and its geodynamic implications. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , 2002,199:389-402
[25] 许卫卫,郑天愉.渤海湾盆地北西盆山边界地区泊松比分布.地球物理学报,2005,48(5) :1077-1084 Xu W W, Zheng T Y. Distribution of Poisson's ratios in the northwestern basin-mountain boundary of the Bohai Bay Basin. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2005,48(5) :1077-1084
[26] 李永华,田小波,吴庆举等.青藏高原INDEPTH-Ⅲ剖面地壳厚度与泊松比:地质与地球物理含义.地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1037-1044 Li Y H, Tian X B, Wu Q J, et al. The Poisson ratio and crustal structure of the central Qinghai-Xizang inferred from INDEPTH-Ⅲ teleseismic waveforms:geological and geophysical implications. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),2006,49(4) :1037-1044
[27] 吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃.计算台站接收函数的最大熵谱反褶积方法.地震学报,2003,25(4) :382-389 Wu Q J, Tian X B, Zhang N L. Receiver function estimated by maximum entropy deconvolution. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese), 2003,25(4) :382-389
[28] Helmberger D V, Wiggins R. Upper mantle structure of the Midwestern United States. J. Geophys. Res. , 1971,76:3229-3245
[29] 吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃.用Wiener滤波方法提取台站接收函数.中国地震,2003,19(1) :41-47 Wu Q J, Tian X B, Zhang N L. Receiver function estimated by Wiener filtering. Earthquake Research in China ( in Chinese), 2003,19(1) :41-47
[30] 刘启元,Rainer Kind.分离三分量远震接收函数的多道最大或然性反褶积方法.地震地质,2004,26(3) :416-425 Liu Q Y, Rainer Kind. Multi-Channel maximal likelihood deconvolution method for isolating 3-component teleseismic receiver function. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) ,2004,26(3) :416-425
[2] 刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成等.新疆伽师强震群区三维地壳上地幔S波速度结构及其地震成因的探讨.地球物理学报,2000,43(3) :356-365 Liu Q Y, Chen J H, Li S C, et al. Passive seismic experiment in Xinjiangjiashi strong earthquake region and discussion on its seismic genesis, Chinese J. Geophys. C in Chinese), 2000,43(3) :356-365
[3] 吴庆举,曾融生.用宽频带远震接收函数研究青藏高原的地壳结构.地球物理学报,1998,41(5) :669-679 Wu Q J, Zeng R S. The crustal structure of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau inferred from broadband teleseismic waveform. Chinese J. Geophys. ( Acta Geophysica Sinica) ( in Chinese), 1998 ,41 (5) :669-679
[4] 吴庆举,曾融生,赵文津.喜马拉雅-青藏高原的上地幔倾斜构造与陆-陆碰撞过程.中国科学(D辑),2004,34(10) :919-925 Wu Q J, Zeng R S, Zhao W J. Upper mantle dipping tectonics and continent-continent collision process in Himalayan-Tibet. Science in China (Ser.D) (in Chinese),2004,34(10) :919-925
[5] 段永红,张先康,刘志等.长白山-镜泊湖火山区地壳结构接收函数研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(2) :352-358 Duan Y H, Zhang X K, Liu Z, et al. A study on crustal structures of Changbaishan-Jingpohu volcanic area using receiver functions. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2005, 48(2) :352-358
[6] 段永红,张先康,刘志等.阿尼玛卿缝合带东段地壳结构的接收函数研究.地震学报,2007,29(5) :483-491 Duan Y H, Zhang X K, Liu Z, et al. Crustal. structure using receiver function in the east part of A'nyemaqen suture belt. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) ,2007,29(5) :483-491
[7] Tian X B, Wu Q J, Zhang Z J, et al. Identification of multiple reflected phases from migration receiver function profile: an example for the INDEPTH-Ⅲ passive teleseismic P waveform data. Geophys. Res. Lett. ,2005,32, L08301, doi:10． 1029/2004GL021885
[8] Tian X B, Wu Q J, Zhang Z J, et al. Joint imaging by teleseismic converted and multiple waves and its application in the INDEPTH-Ⅲ passive seismic array. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 2005,32,L21315, doi:10． 1029/2005GL023686
[9] 李永华,吴庆举,田小波等.青藏高原拉萨及羌塘块体的地壳结构研究.地震学报,2006,28(6) :586-595 Li Y H, Wu Q J, Tian X B, et al. The crustal structure beneath Qiangtang and Lhasa terrane form receiver function. Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006, 28 (6) :586-595
[10] 杨毅,周蕙兰.用接收函数方法研究中国及邻区上地幔间 断面的埋藏深度.地球物理学报,2001,44(6) :783-792 Yang Y, Zhou H L. Application of receiver function method to estimate the buried depths of discontinuities in the upper mantle beneath China and adjacent area. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 2001,44(6) :783-792
[11] Kosarev G L, Kind R, Sobolev S V, et al. Seismic evidence for a detached Indian lithospheric mantle beneath Tibet. Science, 1999,283(5406) :306-1309
[12] 胡家富,苏有锦,朱雄关等.云南的地壳S波速度与泊松比结构及其意义.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(8) :714-722 Hu J F, Su Y J, Zhu X G, et al. Structure of crustal S-wave velocity and Poisson ratio in Yunnan and its significance. Science in China (Ser. D) (in Chinese) ,2003,33(8) :714-722
[13] 吴庆举,李永华,张瑞青等.接收函数的克希霍夫2D偏移方法.地球物理学报,2007,50(2) :539-545 Wu Q J, Li Y H, Zhang R Q, et al. 2D Kirchhoff migration for receiver function. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2007,50(2) :539-545
[14] 王红落,常旭,陈传仁.基于波动方程有限差分算法的接收函数正演与偏移.地球物理学报,2005,48(2) :415-422 Wang H L, Chang X, Chen C R. Receiver function forward modeling and migration based on wave-equation finite difference method. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 2005, 48(2) :415-422
[15] Owens T J, Zandt G, Taylor S R. Seismic evidence for an ancient rift beneath the Cumberland plateau, Tennessee: a detailed analysis of broadband teleseismic waveforms. J. Geophys. Res. ,1984,89:7783-7796
[16] 刘启元,Kind R,李顺成.接收函数复谱比的最大或然性估计及非线性反演.地球物理学报,1996,39(4) :502-513 Liu Q Y, Kind R, Li S C. Maximal likelihood estimation and nonlinear inversion of the complex receiver function spectrum ratio. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1996 ,39(4) :502-513
[17] 吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃等.用小波变换方法反演接收函数.地震学报,2003,25(6) :601-607 Wu Q J, Tian X B, Zhang N L, et al. Inversion of receiver function by wavelet transformation. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) , 2003,25(6) :601-607
[18] 周蕙兰,杨毅.接收函数反演上地幔速度结构和间断面的剥壳遗传算法.地球物理学报,2003,46(5) :382-389 Zhou H L, Yang Y. Peeling genetic algorithm of receiver functions inversion for upper mantle structure and discontinuities. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2003,46 (5) :382-389
[19] 李永华,吴庆举,安张辉等.青藏高原东北缘地壳S波速度结构与泊松比及其意义.地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1359-1368 Li Y H, Wu Q J, An Z H, et al. The Poisson ratio and crustal structure across the NE Tibetan Plateau determined from receiver functions. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006,49(5) :1359-1368
[20] 贺传松,王椿镛,吴建平.五大连池火山区地壳上地幔速度结构的接收函数反演.地震学报,2003,25(2) :128-136 He C S, Wang C Y, Wu J P. The velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in the Wudalianchi volcano area inferred from the receiver function. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) ,2003,25(2) :128-136
[21] Zandt G, Ammon C J. Continental crust composition constrained by measurements of crustal Poisson's ratio. Nature, 1995 ,374:152-154
[22] Zhu L P, Kanamori H. Moho depth variation in south California from teleseismic receiver functions. J. Geophys.Res. ,2000, 105:2969-2980
[23] Christensen N I. Poisson's ratio and crustal seismology. J. Geophys. Res. ,1996, 101:3139-3156
[24] Yuan X, Sobolev S V, Kind R. Moho topography in the central Andes and its geodynamic implications. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , 2002,199:389-402
[25] 许卫卫,郑天愉.渤海湾盆地北西盆山边界地区泊松比分布.地球物理学报,2005,48(5) :1077-1084 Xu W W, Zheng T Y. Distribution of Poisson's ratios in the northwestern basin-mountain boundary of the Bohai Bay Basin. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2005,48(5) :1077-1084
[26] 李永华,田小波,吴庆举等.青藏高原INDEPTH-Ⅲ剖面地壳厚度与泊松比:地质与地球物理含义.地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1037-1044 Li Y H, Tian X B, Wu Q J, et al. The Poisson ratio and crustal structure of the central Qinghai-Xizang inferred from INDEPTH-Ⅲ teleseismic waveforms:geological and geophysical implications. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),2006,49(4) :1037-1044
[27] 吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃.计算台站接收函数的最大熵谱反褶积方法.地震学报,2003,25(4) :382-389 Wu Q J, Tian X B, Zhang N L. Receiver function estimated by maximum entropy deconvolution. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese), 2003,25(4) :382-389
[28] Helmberger D V, Wiggins R. Upper mantle structure of the Midwestern United States. J. Geophys. Res. , 1971,76:3229-3245
[29] 吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃.用Wiener滤波方法提取台站接收函数.中国地震,2003,19(1) :41-47 Wu Q J, Tian X B, Zhang N L. Receiver function estimated by Wiener filtering. Earthquake Research in China ( in Chinese), 2003,19(1) :41-47
[30] 刘启元,Rainer Kind.分离三分量远震接收函数的多道最大或然性反褶积方法.地震地质,2004,26(3) :416-425 Liu Q Y, Rainer Kind. Multi-Channel maximal likelihood deconvolution method for isolating 3-component teleseismic receiver function. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) ,2004,26(3) :416-425
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