1969年渤海M_s7.4地震发震断层的声学探测
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摘要
发生于1969年的渤海M_s 7.4地震是渤海海域惟一一个主震被现代仪器记录的大地震,对其发震断层的讨论争议颇多.2005-2008年,我们在主震震区进行了3个航次的高分辨率声学探测,获得了包括浅层单道地震、侧扫声纳以及CHIRP剖面等在内的数百公里综合地球物理观测资料.本文报道了对上述声学资料的研究结果研究表明,在震区海底之下2-3 m发现了一条走向NE30°、长20 km、宽约3 km的微型凹陷带,地质时代为5000 a B.P.,沉积面的最大下凹幅度为1.5 m;在空间位置上微型凹陷带与BZ28断裂、余震活动分布基本一致,因此,微型凹陷带是BZ28断裂活动的结果,而A层底界的下凹变形则是1969年渤海7.4级地震活动的结果,BZ28断裂是该地震的发震断层.BZ28断裂呈NE30°走向,是郯庐断裂带的次级断裂,浅层地震剖面揭示其最新活动时间为全新世中晚期,根据地质时代以及断层的垂向位移量,计算得到BZ28断裂晚更新世以来的垂向活动速率约为0.05 mm/a,全新世为0.3 mm/a,具有活动强度增加的趋势.
The M_s 7. 4 earthquake occurred on 18 July 1969 was the only strong earthquake that has been recorded by seismometers in Bohai Sea. Now arguments about this large earthquake are focused on its causative fault. In 2005-2008, we finished three cruises in the epicenter region and collected several hundreds high-resolution acoustic surveying data, including shallow penetrated single channel data, sidescan sonar data and CHIRP data. This paper reports study results of these new acoustic data. A micro depression belt is newly found in Holocene sediments 2-3 m beneath seabed in the epicenter region and it strikes NE30°, is 20 km long and 3 km wide. CHIRP data reveal that depositional interface formed at 5000 a B. P. has a 1. 5 m vertical offset in the belt. The depression belt, BZ28 fault and aftershocks distribution of 1969 earthquake coincide in position, so it can be assumed that the depression belt is formed by BZ28 fault and the deformation of the bottom of seismic sequence A is caused by 1969 earthquake. BZ28 fault is the causative fault of this large earthquake and it is a sub-fault in the Tan-Lu Fault Zone and strikes NE30°. Shallow penetrated single channel seismic data show that it is active during the late Holocene. According to sediments age and vertical offset, we calculate the vertical slip rate of BZ28 fault since late Pleistocene. The result shows that activity intensity of BZ28 fault has the trend of increasing from 0. 05 mm/a since the late Pleistocene to 0. 3 mm/a during the Holocene.
The M_s 7. 4 earthquake occurred on 18 July 1969 was the only strong earthquake that has been recorded by seismometers in Bohai Sea. Now arguments about this large earthquake are focused on its causative fault. In 2005-2008, we finished three cruises in the epicenter region and collected several hundreds high-resolution acoustic surveying data, including shallow penetrated single channel data, sidescan sonar data and CHIRP data. This paper reports study results of these new acoustic data. A micro depression belt is newly found in Holocene sediments 2-3 m beneath seabed in the epicenter region and it strikes NE30°, is 20 km long and 3 km wide. CHIRP data reveal that depositional interface formed at 5000 a B. P. has a 1. 5 m vertical offset in the belt. The depression belt, BZ28 fault and aftershocks distribution of 1969 earthquake coincide in position, so it can be assumed that the depression belt is formed by BZ28 fault and the deformation of the bottom of seismic sequence A is caused by 1969 earthquake. BZ28 fault is the causative fault of this large earthquake and it is a sub-fault in the Tan-Lu Fault Zone and strikes NE30°. Shallow penetrated single channel seismic data show that it is active during the late Holocene. According to sediments age and vertical offset, we calculate the vertical slip rate of BZ28 fault since late Pleistocene. The result shows that activity intensity of BZ28 fault has the trend of increasing from 0. 05 mm/a since the late Pleistocene to 0. 3 mm/a during the Holocene.
引文
1) 国家地震局震源机制研究小组.中国地震震源机制的研究.1973
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[1] 顾功叙,林庭煌,时振梁等.中国地震目录(公元前1831年公元1969年).北京:科学技术出版社,1983 Gu G X, Lin T H, Shi Z L, et al. Catalog of Chinese Earthquakes (from 1831 BC to 1969 AD) (in Chinese).Beijing:Chinese Science and Technique Press,1983
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[3] 束沛镒,李幼铭,铁安等.利用远震P波波形反演渤海地震的震源参数,地球物理学报,1983,26(1) :31-38 Shu P Yt Li Y M, Tie A, et al. An inversion of the focus parameters of Bohai earthquake from the teleseismic P wave shape. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1983, 26 (1) : 31-38
[4] 周蕙兰,刘斌.混和波第一峰(谷)值法判断断层面和1969年渤海大震发震断层探讨--渤海地震研究(一).中国地震,1988,4(2) :72-79 Zhou H L, Liu B. Assessment on earthquake-faulting from its conjugate by using firstpeak or trough of mixed P or SH-waves: Study on the Bohai earthquake ( 1 ). Earthquake Research in China (in Chinese) , 1988,4(2) :72-79
[5] 卓钰如,Kannamori H.渤海地震的震源参数.地震学报,1988,10(2) :213-217 Zhuo Y R, Kannamori H. Source parameters of the Bohai Earthquake of 1969． Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese),1988,10(2) :213-217
[6] 周蕙兰,吉连祥,魏东平等.多台波形确定震源深度的t_(1/2) min和V_(max)方法及1969年渤海大震初始破裂点的深度--渤海地震研究(二).中国地震,1989,5(1) :32-37 Zhou H L,Ji L X.Wei D P,et al. Searching t_(1/2min)and V_(max)to determine source depth by simultaneous inversion of waveforms and initial rupture depth of the 1969 Bohai earthquake-study on the Bohai earthquake ( 2) . Earthquake Research in China (in Chinese) ,1989,5( 1) :32-37
[7] 吴忠良,臧绍先.用体波合成地震图方法确定渤海、永善两大地震的震源参数.地震学报,1991,13(1) :1-8 Wu Z L,Zang S X. Source parameters of Bohai Earthquake of July 18,1969 and Yongshan earthquake of May 11,1974 from synthetic seismogram of body waves. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese),1991,13(1) :1-8
[8] 姚殿义,杜迎春,刘素英.华北地区的震源机制.华北地震科学,1991,9(3) :37-48 Yao D Y,Du Y CLiu S Y. The focal mechanisms in North China. North China Earthquake Sciences (in Chinese) , 1991,9(3) :37-48
[9] 杨港生,赵根模.1969年渤海7． 4级大震前后的地震活动图像.华北地震科学.2000,18(1) :39-44 Yang G S,Zhao G M. Regional seismicity patterns before and after the Bohai Ml. 4 earthquake of 1969． North China Earthquake Sciences (in Chinese) ,2000 ,18( 1) : 39-44
[10] 陈祖安,白武明,林邦慧等.1966年以来华北地区一系列七级大震破裂过程的数值模拟.地球物理学报,2003,46(3) :373-380 Chen Z A,Bai W M,Lin B H,et al. Numerical simulation for rupture processes of a series of strong earthquakes(M_s>7) in North China since 1966． Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2003,46(3) :373-380
[11] 邓起东,闵伟,晁洪太等.渤海地区新生代构造与地震活动.见:卢演俦,高维明,陈国星等主编.新构造与环境.北京:地震 出版社,2001． 218-233 Deng Q D, Min W,Chao H T, et al. Cenozoic tectonics and seismicity of the Bohai area. In:Lu Y C,Gao W M,Chen G X, et al. eds. Neotectonics and Environment (in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2001． 218-233
[12] 陈国光,徐杰,高战武.华北渤海湾盆地大震的构造特征.华北地震科学,2003,21(2) :7-14 Chen G G, Xu J, Gao Z W. Seismotectonic features of the Bohai Bay Basin in North China. North China Earthquake Sciences (in Chinese),2003 ,21(2) :7-14
[13] 赖晓玲,李松林,孙译.渤海及邻区3次7级以上地震的深部构造背景.大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(1) :31-33 Lai X L,Li S L, Sun Y. Deep tectonic background of three M,>7． 0 strong earthquakes in Bohai and its adjacent region.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese) ,2007,27
[14] 魏光兴,季同仁,李秉锋.渤海地震序列及其特征.地震地质,1984,6(1) :21-29 Wei G X, Ji T R, L B F. Characteristics of magnitude 7． 4 earthquake sequence in the Bohai area. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) ,1984,6(1) :21-29
[15] 环文林,汪素云,常向东等.渤海地震活动特征.地震研究,1989,12(1) :1-9 Huan W L, Wang S Y,Chang X D, et al. Characteristics of seismicity of Bohai Sea. Journal of Seismology Research (in Chinese), 1989,12(1) : 1-9
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