南海北部白云深水区水道与朵体沉积序列及演化
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摘要
近年来,深水水道、朵体已成为油气勘探的重要目标,南海北部白云深水区发育大量深水水道-朵体沉积体系。研究现今陆坡深水沉积过程有助于揭示深海沉积分布、沉积演化规律。在回顾深水层序地层研究的基础上,利用近地表高分辨率三维地震资料所揭示的地震反射(下超点和上超点迁移)特征研究深水沉积序列,初步探讨不同时期深水水道-朵体体系沉积动力机制,深水水道-朵体体系具有垂向的前积、加积和退积特征,并提出一种深水水道-朵体体系沉积层序模式,低位体系域早期,发育碎屑流或滑块为主的水道-朵体体系,后期则转化为浊流为主的水道-朵体体系。在深水等时地层格架内研究现代深海沉积过程及其产物,对深水储层预测具有十分重要的意义。
Submarine channels and lobes have been important exploration targets in recent years.There are many submarine channel-lobe systems in Baiyun deepwater areas of northern South China Sea.Researches on abyssal sedimentary processes in the modern continental slope contribute to disclosing the evolution and distribution of the deepwater sedimentation.Deepwater sequence stratigraphy has been documented in this paper.Seismic reflection features from the high quality 3-D seismic data,such as the migration of onlap and downlap,are used to characterise the deepwater sedimentary sequence.The sedimentary dynamics of submarine channel-lobe systems in different periods has been discussed.Submarine channel-lobe systems show significant progradation,aggradation and retrogradation.A sedimentary sequence model is proposed for this development sequence.Debris flow and slide dominating in channel-lobe systems were developed in the early stage of LST,and turbidity current in the late stage.Researches on modern deepwater deposit process and the study results within a chronological framework can help reservoir predicting in deepwater exploration.
Submarine channels and lobes have been important exploration targets in recent years.There are many submarine channel-lobe systems in Baiyun deepwater areas of northern South China Sea.Researches on abyssal sedimentary processes in the modern continental slope contribute to disclosing the evolution and distribution of the deepwater sedimentation.Deepwater sequence stratigraphy has been documented in this paper.Seismic reflection features from the high quality 3-D seismic data,such as the migration of onlap and downlap,are used to characterise the deepwater sedimentary sequence.The sedimentary dynamics of submarine channel-lobe systems in different periods has been discussed.Submarine channel-lobe systems show significant progradation,aggradation and retrogradation.A sedimentary sequence model is proposed for this development sequence.Debris flow and slide dominating in channel-lobe systems were developed in the early stage of LST,and turbidity current in the late stage.Researches on modern deepwater deposit process and the study results within a chronological framework can help reservoir predicting in deepwater exploration.
引文
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[2]Reading H G,Richards M.Turbidite systems in deep-water basin margins classified by grain size and feeder system[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(5):792-822.
[3]Cronin B,Owen D,Hartley A,et al.Slumps,debris flows and sandy deep-water channel systems:I mplications for the application of sequence stratigraphy to deepwater clastic sedi-ments[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1998(155):421-432.
[4]Galloway WE.Siliciclastic slope and base-of-slope depositional systems:component facies,stratigraphic architecture,and classification[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82(4):569-595.
[5]Prather B E,Booth J R,Steffens GS,et al.Classification,li-thologic calibration,and stratigraphic succession of seismic fa-cies of intraslope basins,deep-water Gulf of Mexico[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82(5A):701-728.
[6]Prather B E.Calibration and visualization of depositional process models for above-grade slopes:a case study fromthe Gulf of Mexico[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17:619-638.
[7]ShanmugamG.50years of the turbidite paradigm(1950s1990s):Deep-water processes and facies models-A critical perspective[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17:285-342.
[8]Fonnesu F.3-D seismic i mages of a low-sinuosity slope chan-nel and related depositional lobe(west Africa deep offshore)[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003(20):615-629.
[9]Posamentier H W,Kolla V.Seismic geomorphology and stra-tigraphy of depositional elements in deep-water settings[J].Journal of Sedi mentary Research,2003(73):367-388.
[10]Adeogba A A,McHargue T R,Graham S A.Transient fan architecture and depositional controls from near-surface3-D seismic data,Niger Delta continental slope[J].AAPG Bulle-tin,2005,89(5):627-643.
[11]Gervais A,Savoye B,Mulder T,et al.Sandy modern turbi-dite lobes:A newinsight from high resolution seismic data[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006(23):485-502.
[12]Moscardelli L,Wood L,Mann P.Mass-transport complexes and associated processes in the offshore area of Trinidad and Venezuela[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(7):1059-1088.
[13]Mayall M,Jones E,Casey M.Turbidite channel reservoirs:Key elements in facies prediction and effective development[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006(23):821-841.
[14]Wei mer P,Slatt R M.Deepwater-reservoir elements:mass-transport deposits and slides.introduction to the petroleum geology of deepwater settiongs[C]//AAPGStudiesin Geolo-gy57AAPG/Data Pages Discovery Series8,2007:419-456.
[15]Saller A,Werner K,Sugiaman F,et al.Characteristics of Pleistocene deep-water fan lobes and their application to an upper Miocene reservoir model,offshore East Kali mantan,Indonesia[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(7):919-949.
[16]Jackson C A-L,Barber G P,Martinsen O G.Submarine slope morphology as a control on the development of sand-rich turbidite depositional systems:3Dseismic analysis of the Kyrre Fm(Upper Cretaceous),Maloy slope,offshore Norway[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2008,25:663-680.
[17]McDonnell A,Loucks R G,Galloway WE.Paleocene to Eo-cene deep-water slope canyons,western Gulf of Mexico:Fur-ther insights for the provenance of deep-water offshore Wil-cox Group plays[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(9):1169-1189.
[18]彭大钧,陈长民,庞雄,等.南海珠江口盆地深水扇系统的发现[J].石油学报,2004,25(5):17-23.[PENG Dajun,CHEN Changmin,PANG Xiong,et al.Discovery of deep-water fan systemin South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2004,25(5):17-23.]
[19]彭大钧,庞雄,陈长民,等.南海深水扇系统的形成特征与控制因素[J].沉积学报,2006,24(1):10-18.[PENG Dajun,PANG Xiong,CHEN Changmin,et al.The characteristics and controlling factors for the formation of deep-water fan systemin south China sea[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sinica,2006,24(1):10-18.]
[20]庞雄,陈长民,彭大钧,等.南海珠江深水扇系统的层序地层学研究[J].地学前缘,2007,14(1):220-229.[PANG Xiong,CHEN Changmin,PENG Dajun,et al.Sequence stratigra-phy of Pearl River deep-water fan systemin the South China Sea[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(1):220-229.]
[21]邵磊,李献华,韦刚健,等.南海陆坡高速堆积体的物质来源[J].中国科学D辑,2001,31(10):828-833.[SHAO Lei,LI Xianhua,WEI Gangjian,et al.Provenance of a prominent sedi ment drift on the northern slope of the South China Sea[J].Science in China(Series D),2001,31(10):828-833.]
[22]邵磊,李学杰,耿建华,等.南海北部深水底流沉积作用[J].中国科学(D辑),2007,37(6):771-777.[SHAO Lei,LI Xue-jie,GENGJianhua,et al.Deepsea bottomcurrent sedi men-tationin the northern South China Sea[J].Science in China(Series D),2007:37(6):771-777.]
[23]钟广法,李前裕,郝沪军,等.深水沉积物波及其在南海研究之现状[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(9):907-913.[ZHONG Guangfa,LI Qianyu,HAO Hujun,et al.Current status of deep-water sedi ment wave studies and the South China Sea perspectives[J].Advances in Earth Science,2007,22(9):907-913.]
[24]Vail P R,Mitchum R M,Todd R G,et al.Seismic stratig-raphy and global changes in sea level,Parts1-11[J].AAPG Memoir,1977,26:51-212.
[25]Mitchum R MJr.Seismic stratigraphic recognition criteria for submarine fans[C]//Gulf Coast Section-SEPM Foundation Fifth Annual Research Conference,1984:63-85.
[26]Mitchum R MJr.Seismic stratigraphic recognition of subma-rine fans[C]//Seismic Stratigraphy II.AAPG Memoir,1985,39:117-136.
[27]Mutti E.Turbidite systems and their relation to depositional sequences[C]//NATO-ASI Series,Reidel,Dordercht,1985:65-93.
[28]Vail P R.Seismic stratigraphy interpretation using sequence stratigraphy[C]//Atlas of Seismic Stratigraphy.AAPG Studies in Geology,1987,27:1-10.
[29]Galloway WE.Genetic stratigraphic sequencesin basin anal-ysis I:architecture and genesis of flooding surface bounded depositional units[J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(2):125-142.
[30]Posamentier H W,Erskine R D,Mitchum R M,et al.Mod-els for submarine fan deposition within a sequence strati-graphic framework[C]//Seismic Facies and Sedi mentary Processes of Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems:Spring-er-Verlag,New York,1991:127-136.
[31]Muntingh A,Brown L FJr.Sequence stratigraphy of petrole-umplays,post-rift Cretaceous rocks(lower Aptian to upper Maestrichtian),Orange Basin,western offshore,South Afri-ca[C]//Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy:Recent Develop-ments and Applications:AAPG Memoir58,1993:71-98.
[32]Mallarino G,Beaubouef R,Droxler W.et al.Sealevel influ-ence on the nature and ti ming of a minibasin sedi mentary fill(northwestern slope of the Gulf of Mexico)[J].AAPG Bulle-tin,2006,90(7):1089-1119.
[33]李磊,王英民,黄志超,等.尼日尔三角洲深水区层序地层与地震相研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(3):407-416.[LI Lei,WANG Yingmin,HUANG Zhichao,et al.Study on se-quence stratigraphy and seismic facies in deep-water Niger Delta[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sinica,2008,26(3):407-416.]
[34]李磊,王英民,张莲美,等.尼日尔三角洲坡脚逆冲带构造样式及构造控制[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2008,33(5):643-650.[LI Lei,WANG Yingmin,ZHANG Lianmei,et al.Sedi mentary patterns and structural control across toe thrust belts,Niger Delta[J].Earth Science-Journal of China Uni-versity of Geosciences,2008,33(5):643-650.]
[35]蒋恕,王华,Paul Wei mer.深水沉积层序特点及构成要素[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2008,33(6):828-833.[JI ANG Shu,WANG Hua,Wei mer P.Sequence stratigraphy charac-teristics and sedi mentary elements in deepwater[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2008,33(6):825-833.]
[2]Reading H G,Richards M.Turbidite systems in deep-water basin margins classified by grain size and feeder system[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(5):792-822.
[3]Cronin B,Owen D,Hartley A,et al.Slumps,debris flows and sandy deep-water channel systems:I mplications for the application of sequence stratigraphy to deepwater clastic sedi-ments[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1998(155):421-432.
[4]Galloway WE.Siliciclastic slope and base-of-slope depositional systems:component facies,stratigraphic architecture,and classification[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82(4):569-595.
[5]Prather B E,Booth J R,Steffens GS,et al.Classification,li-thologic calibration,and stratigraphic succession of seismic fa-cies of intraslope basins,deep-water Gulf of Mexico[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82(5A):701-728.
[6]Prather B E.Calibration and visualization of depositional process models for above-grade slopes:a case study fromthe Gulf of Mexico[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17:619-638.
[7]ShanmugamG.50years of the turbidite paradigm(1950s1990s):Deep-water processes and facies models-A critical perspective[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17:285-342.
[8]Fonnesu F.3-D seismic i mages of a low-sinuosity slope chan-nel and related depositional lobe(west Africa deep offshore)[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003(20):615-629.
[9]Posamentier H W,Kolla V.Seismic geomorphology and stra-tigraphy of depositional elements in deep-water settings[J].Journal of Sedi mentary Research,2003(73):367-388.
[10]Adeogba A A,McHargue T R,Graham S A.Transient fan architecture and depositional controls from near-surface3-D seismic data,Niger Delta continental slope[J].AAPG Bulle-tin,2005,89(5):627-643.
[11]Gervais A,Savoye B,Mulder T,et al.Sandy modern turbi-dite lobes:A newinsight from high resolution seismic data[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006(23):485-502.
[12]Moscardelli L,Wood L,Mann P.Mass-transport complexes and associated processes in the offshore area of Trinidad and Venezuela[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(7):1059-1088.
[13]Mayall M,Jones E,Casey M.Turbidite channel reservoirs:Key elements in facies prediction and effective development[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006(23):821-841.
[14]Wei mer P,Slatt R M.Deepwater-reservoir elements:mass-transport deposits and slides.introduction to the petroleum geology of deepwater settiongs[C]//AAPGStudiesin Geolo-gy57AAPG/Data Pages Discovery Series8,2007:419-456.
[15]Saller A,Werner K,Sugiaman F,et al.Characteristics of Pleistocene deep-water fan lobes and their application to an upper Miocene reservoir model,offshore East Kali mantan,Indonesia[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(7):919-949.
[16]Jackson C A-L,Barber G P,Martinsen O G.Submarine slope morphology as a control on the development of sand-rich turbidite depositional systems:3Dseismic analysis of the Kyrre Fm(Upper Cretaceous),Maloy slope,offshore Norway[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2008,25:663-680.
[17]McDonnell A,Loucks R G,Galloway WE.Paleocene to Eo-cene deep-water slope canyons,western Gulf of Mexico:Fur-ther insights for the provenance of deep-water offshore Wil-cox Group plays[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(9):1169-1189.
[18]彭大钧,陈长民,庞雄,等.南海珠江口盆地深水扇系统的发现[J].石油学报,2004,25(5):17-23.[PENG Dajun,CHEN Changmin,PANG Xiong,et al.Discovery of deep-water fan systemin South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2004,25(5):17-23.]
[19]彭大钧,庞雄,陈长民,等.南海深水扇系统的形成特征与控制因素[J].沉积学报,2006,24(1):10-18.[PENG Dajun,PANG Xiong,CHEN Changmin,et al.The characteristics and controlling factors for the formation of deep-water fan systemin south China sea[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sinica,2006,24(1):10-18.]
[20]庞雄,陈长民,彭大钧,等.南海珠江深水扇系统的层序地层学研究[J].地学前缘,2007,14(1):220-229.[PANG Xiong,CHEN Changmin,PENG Dajun,et al.Sequence stratigra-phy of Pearl River deep-water fan systemin the South China Sea[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(1):220-229.]
[21]邵磊,李献华,韦刚健,等.南海陆坡高速堆积体的物质来源[J].中国科学D辑,2001,31(10):828-833.[SHAO Lei,LI Xianhua,WEI Gangjian,et al.Provenance of a prominent sedi ment drift on the northern slope of the South China Sea[J].Science in China(Series D),2001,31(10):828-833.]
[22]邵磊,李学杰,耿建华,等.南海北部深水底流沉积作用[J].中国科学(D辑),2007,37(6):771-777.[SHAO Lei,LI Xue-jie,GENGJianhua,et al.Deepsea bottomcurrent sedi men-tationin the northern South China Sea[J].Science in China(Series D),2007:37(6):771-777.]
[23]钟广法,李前裕,郝沪军,等.深水沉积物波及其在南海研究之现状[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(9):907-913.[ZHONG Guangfa,LI Qianyu,HAO Hujun,et al.Current status of deep-water sedi ment wave studies and the South China Sea perspectives[J].Advances in Earth Science,2007,22(9):907-913.]
[24]Vail P R,Mitchum R M,Todd R G,et al.Seismic stratig-raphy and global changes in sea level,Parts1-11[J].AAPG Memoir,1977,26:51-212.
[25]Mitchum R MJr.Seismic stratigraphic recognition criteria for submarine fans[C]//Gulf Coast Section-SEPM Foundation Fifth Annual Research Conference,1984:63-85.
[26]Mitchum R MJr.Seismic stratigraphic recognition of subma-rine fans[C]//Seismic Stratigraphy II.AAPG Memoir,1985,39:117-136.
[27]Mutti E.Turbidite systems and their relation to depositional sequences[C]//NATO-ASI Series,Reidel,Dordercht,1985:65-93.
[28]Vail P R.Seismic stratigraphy interpretation using sequence stratigraphy[C]//Atlas of Seismic Stratigraphy.AAPG Studies in Geology,1987,27:1-10.
[29]Galloway WE.Genetic stratigraphic sequencesin basin anal-ysis I:architecture and genesis of flooding surface bounded depositional units[J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(2):125-142.
[30]Posamentier H W,Erskine R D,Mitchum R M,et al.Mod-els for submarine fan deposition within a sequence strati-graphic framework[C]//Seismic Facies and Sedi mentary Processes of Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems:Spring-er-Verlag,New York,1991:127-136.
[31]Muntingh A,Brown L FJr.Sequence stratigraphy of petrole-umplays,post-rift Cretaceous rocks(lower Aptian to upper Maestrichtian),Orange Basin,western offshore,South Afri-ca[C]//Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy:Recent Develop-ments and Applications:AAPG Memoir58,1993:71-98.
[32]Mallarino G,Beaubouef R,Droxler W.et al.Sealevel influ-ence on the nature and ti ming of a minibasin sedi mentary fill(northwestern slope of the Gulf of Mexico)[J].AAPG Bulle-tin,2006,90(7):1089-1119.
[33]李磊,王英民,黄志超,等.尼日尔三角洲深水区层序地层与地震相研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(3):407-416.[LI Lei,WANG Yingmin,HUANG Zhichao,et al.Study on se-quence stratigraphy and seismic facies in deep-water Niger Delta[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sinica,2008,26(3):407-416.]
[34]李磊,王英民,张莲美,等.尼日尔三角洲坡脚逆冲带构造样式及构造控制[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2008,33(5):643-650.[LI Lei,WANG Yingmin,ZHANG Lianmei,et al.Sedi mentary patterns and structural control across toe thrust belts,Niger Delta[J].Earth Science-Journal of China Uni-versity of Geosciences,2008,33(5):643-650.]
[35]蒋恕,王华,Paul Wei mer.深水沉积层序特点及构成要素[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2008,33(6):828-833.[JI ANG Shu,WANG Hua,Wei mer P.Sequence stratigraphy charac-teristics and sedi mentary elements in deepwater[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2008,33(6):825-833.]
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