“5.12”汶川地震次生山地灾害的分布与特点
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摘要
"5.12"汶川地震的重灾区,主要分布在龙门山高山峡谷区和四川盆地深丘区等地,行政区划上涉及四川省的成都市、绵阳市、德阳市、广元市、阿坝藏族羌族自治州,甘肃省的陇南市,陕西省的汉中市等的山区,面积大于10×104km2。强烈地震除直接造成众多人员伤亡和各种设施被毁外,还在山区引发了大量次生山地灾害,形成灾害叠加,导致灾情更加严重。次生山地灾害主要沿龙门山地震断裂带集中分布和沿河谷两岸山坡分布,具有下列特点:1.类型多样,包括崩塌、滑坡、滚石、堰塞湖、泥石流等;2.数量上以滚石、崩塌、滑坡为主;3.导致了大量人员伤亡;4.堰塞湖主要由地震滑坡、崩塌形成;5.泥石流活动具滞发性,地震直接激发的泥石流仅一处;6.对生态环境破坏极大;7.加剧了防洪形势的严峻性;8.主要沿龙门山断裂带活动;9.活动强弱与地震烈度大小关系密切。
The earthquake-hit regions in Wenchuan of Sichuan,China mainly distribute in the Longmenshan Mountains and hill area of the Sichuan Basin edge,where are mountain canyon regions.In the administrative regionalization,the earthquake-hit regions involves mountain area of Chengdu,Mianyang,Deyang,Guangyuan,the Aba Tibetan and Qiang National Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province,Longnan of Gansu Province and Hanzhong of Shanxi Province and so on,the area is bigger than 10×104 km2.The earthquake besides has caused the numerous personnel casualties and each kind of facility directly is destroyed,but also has induced a lot of mountain hazards in there,forming hazards to superimpose and hazards to be more serious.Mountain hazards induced by Earthquake distribute mainly along Longmenshan Mountains earthquake zones and rivers both banks hillside.They have the following characteristics:1.the type of mountain hazards are diverse,including collapse,landslide,rockfall,imprisoned lake,debris flow and so on;2.in quantity by collapses,landslides,rockfalls primarily;3.have caused many personnel casualty;4.the imprisoned lake mainly by the earthquake landslides and the collapses forms;5.debris flow activity has stagnates sends the nature,earthquake only directly caused a debris flow;6.pair of ecological environment destruction is enormous;7.causes the flood prevention situation to be more stern;8.occurs intensely along Longmenshan Mountains fault zones;9.the active strong and the weak and the earthquake intensity size relations are close.
The earthquake-hit regions in Wenchuan of Sichuan,China mainly distribute in the Longmenshan Mountains and hill area of the Sichuan Basin edge,where are mountain canyon regions.In the administrative regionalization,the earthquake-hit regions involves mountain area of Chengdu,Mianyang,Deyang,Guangyuan,the Aba Tibetan and Qiang National Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province,Longnan of Gansu Province and Hanzhong of Shanxi Province and so on,the area is bigger than 10×104 km2.The earthquake besides has caused the numerous personnel casualties and each kind of facility directly is destroyed,but also has induced a lot of mountain hazards in there,forming hazards to superimpose and hazards to be more serious.Mountain hazards induced by Earthquake distribute mainly along Longmenshan Mountains earthquake zones and rivers both banks hillside.They have the following characteristics:1.the type of mountain hazards are diverse,including collapse,landslide,rockfall,imprisoned lake,debris flow and so on;2.in quantity by collapses,landslides,rockfalls primarily;3.have caused many personnel casualty;4.the imprisoned lake mainly by the earthquake landslides and the collapses forms;5.debris flow activity has stagnates sends the nature,earthquake only directly caused a debris flow;6.pair of ecological environment destruction is enormous;7.causes the flood prevention situation to be more stern;8.occurs intensely along Longmenshan Mountains fault zones;9.the active strong and the weak and the earthquake intensity size relations are close.
引文
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[2]Tang Rongchang,Han Webin.Active Faults and Earthquakes in Si-chuan[M].Beijing:China Seismology Press,1993:123～132[唐荣昌,韩渭宾.四川活动断裂与地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1993:123～132]
[3]Qing Xinhai,Liang Bo,Luo Xuan.Qingchuan reconstructs:on thorn road firm advance[N].West China Metropolis Newspaper:2008-06-21(03)[青新海,梁波,罗暄.青川重建在荆棘路上坚定前行[N].华西都市报:2008-06-21(03)]
[4]Zhong Dunlun.A trial discussion on effect of earthquake on debris flow activite[A].In:Chengdu Institute of Geography.Debris flow(No.1)[C].Chongqing:Chongqing Branch of Science and Technol-ogy Literature Press,1981:30～35[钟敦伦.试论地震在泥石流活动中的作用[A].见:中国科学院成都地理研究所.泥石流(1)[C].重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社,1981:30～35]
[5]Tian Lianquan.Debris flow in the Luhe earthquake area,Sichuan Province[A].In:Chengdu Institute of Geography.Debris flow(No.3)[C].Chongqing:Chongqing Branch of Science and Technol-ogy Literature Press,1986:58～66[田连权.四川炉霍地震区泥石流[A].见:中国科学院成都地理研究所.泥石流(3)[C].重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社,1986:58～66]
[6]Xu Jieying,Shen Kecheng.“The green lung”suffered the heavy losses is reconstructed at least several dozens years[N].West China Metropolis Newspaper:2008-06-18(07)[徐洁莹,沈可成.“绿肺”遭重创重建至少几十年[N].华西都市报:2008-06-18(07)]
[7]Xu Junming,Tan Wanpei.Earthquake triggered debris flows in the Sungpan-Pingwu of August1976in Sichuan[A].In:Chengdu In-stitute of Geography.Debris flow(No.3)[C]Chongqing:Chongqing Branch of Science and Technology Literature Press,1986:67～75[徐俊名,谭万沛.1976年松潘平武地震泥石流[A].见:中国科学院成都地理研究所.泥石流(3)[C].重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社,1986:67～75]
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