中国岩溶储集层分类与特征及相关的理论问题
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摘要
中国岩溶储集层分布广泛,可建立地质、录井、测井和地震综合识别标志,并可应用不整合面、洞穴碎屑充填物岩性及其古生物和元素地球化学等方法定时断代。其成因类型包括潜山、礁滩体、内幕、顺层深潜流、垂向深潜流和热流体岩溶,前3个属于基准面岩溶,受不同级别的层序界面控制;后3个为非基准面岩溶,主要受构造和断裂控制。岩溶相带划分应充分考虑基准面、非基准面岩溶的内在联系和深部湍流带的存在以及岩溶成因类型。含油气盆地碳酸盐岩层系溶蚀流体的复原及溶蚀孔洞缝和大型溶洞溶蚀机理分析对油气储集层评价和预测至关重要。岩溶发育的控制因素方面,强调在进一步深化非地带性内营力研究的同时,应加强对地带性外营力的研究。图15表4参45
Karst reservoirs are distributed widely in China,for which integrated geological,logging,testing and seismic identification marks can be made and their ages can be determined using unconformity surfaces,the lithologic feature and paleobiology of cavern clastic fillings and element geochemistry.The karst reservoirs can be classified as buried hill karst,reef-bank karst,internal karst,bedding deep-underflow karst,vertical deep-infiltration karst and hydrothermal fluid karst.The first three belong to base-level karsts,controlled by different-order sequence interfaces;the last three belong to non-base-level karsts,controlled by structure and fracture.The division of karst facies should takes full account of the internal relation of the base-level karsts and the non-base-level karsts,the existence of deep-turbulent flow zones and the genetic type of karsts.There are many types of corrosion fluid in carbonate rocks in petroliferous basins.It is important for the reservoir evaluation and prediction to reconstruct them and to analyze the genetic mechanics of the karst pore-cave-fracture and large-scale cave.As for the controlling factors for the karst development,the study of zonal exogenic forces should be enhanced while the study of azonal endogenic forces is emphasized.
Karst reservoirs are distributed widely in China,for which integrated geological,logging,testing and seismic identification marks can be made and their ages can be determined using unconformity surfaces,the lithologic feature and paleobiology of cavern clastic fillings and element geochemistry.The karst reservoirs can be classified as buried hill karst,reef-bank karst,internal karst,bedding deep-underflow karst,vertical deep-infiltration karst and hydrothermal fluid karst.The first three belong to base-level karsts,controlled by different-order sequence interfaces;the last three belong to non-base-level karsts,controlled by structure and fracture.The division of karst facies should takes full account of the internal relation of the base-level karsts and the non-base-level karsts,the existence of deep-turbulent flow zones and the genetic type of karsts.There are many types of corrosion fluid in carbonate rocks in petroliferous basins.It is important for the reservoir evaluation and prediction to reconstruct them and to analyze the genetic mechanics of the karst pore-cave-fracture and large-scale cave.As for the controlling factors for the karst development,the study of zonal exogenic forces should be enhanced while the study of azonal endogenic forces is emphasized.
引文
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