基于叠前成像的三维地震观测系统设计
|
摘要
常规三维观测系统设计的主要目的是得到规则采样的叠加数据体,能够用叠后偏移进行成像.叠前偏移成像对地震观测系统提出了更高的要求.基于叠前成像的要求设计观测系统,对于充分发挥叠前偏移技术优势、提高地震成像精度具有重要意义.本文提出了基于叠前成像的观测系统设计方法,首先基于叠前偏移空间采样准则设计观测系统的基本空间采样,然后根据采样均匀和面元属性一致性原则设计观测系统布局,并利用聚焦束、散射点叠前偏移响应、正演模型和波场照明等技术对观测系统逐步优化,得到符合叠前偏移成像要求并能解决地质问题的观测系统.该方法在中原油田近年来的高精度地震勘探中得到了实际应用,取得了良好效果.
The main objective of conventional 3D seismic geometry design is to obtain regularly sampled stacking dataset, which can be used to achieve good images through post-stack migration.However, pre-stack migration has strict requirements on seismic geometries.In order to exert the technical advantages of pre-stack migration and improve the accuracy of seismic images, it is very important to design seismic geometries based on pre-stack imaging. This article puts forward an approach of seismic geometry design based on pre-stack imaging.The first step is to design the basic spatial sampling of seismic geometry based on the anti-aliasing criteria of pre-stack migration.The second is to design the layout of seismic geometry according to the rule of regular sampling and uniform bin attributes. Then, it optimizes step by step and finalizes seismic geometry by using techniques such as focal beams, pre-stack migration response of scatter point, forward modeling, and wavefield illumination.This method has been applied to high accuracy seismic exploration of the Zhongyuan Oilfield in recent years and it has obtained very good results.
The main objective of conventional 3D seismic geometry design is to obtain regularly sampled stacking dataset, which can be used to achieve good images through post-stack migration.However, pre-stack migration has strict requirements on seismic geometries.In order to exert the technical advantages of pre-stack migration and improve the accuracy of seismic images, it is very important to design seismic geometries based on pre-stack imaging. This article puts forward an approach of seismic geometry design based on pre-stack imaging.The first step is to design the basic spatial sampling of seismic geometry based on the anti-aliasing criteria of pre-stack migration.The second is to design the layout of seismic geometry according to the rule of regular sampling and uniform bin attributes. Then, it optimizes step by step and finalizes seismic geometry by using techniques such as focal beams, pre-stack migration response of scatter point, forward modeling, and wavefield illumination.This method has been applied to high accuracy seismic exploration of the Zhongyuan Oilfield in recent years and it has obtained very good results.
引文
[1] Cambois G, Ronen S, Zhu X H.Wide-azimuth acquisition:True 3D at last![J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(8) :777～ 781．
[2] Lines L, Castagna J P, Treitel S.Geophysics in the new millennium[J].Geophysics, 2001,66 : 14～54．
[3] Cordsen A, Galbraith M, Peirce J.Planning land 3-D seismic surveys: Soc[M].Expl.Geophys,2000．
[4] Musser J A.3D seismic survey design: a solution[J].First Break, 2000,18, 166～171．
[5] 刘伊克,常旭,卢孟夏,Hongchuan Sun.目标函数叠前保幅偏移方法与应用[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1150～1154． Liu Y K, Chang X, Lu M X, Sun H C.Objective function prestack amplitude preserving migration and its application[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese) ,2006, 49(4) : 1150～1154．
[6] 徐升,Gilles Lambaré.复杂介质下保真振幅Kirchhoff深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1431～1444． Xu S, Gilles Lambaré.True amplitude Kirchhoff prestack depth migration in complex media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2006, 49(5) : 1431～1444．
[7] Berkhout A J.Pushing the limit of Seismic imaging[J].Geophysics, 1997,62 (3) :937～969．
[8] Berkhout A J, et al.Comprehensive assessment of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams[J].Geophysics,2001,66 (3) :911～931．
[9] 狄帮让,王长春,顾培成,等.三维观测系统优化设计的双聚焦方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5) :463～469． Di B R, Wang C C, Gu P C, et al.Double focusing method for 3-D geometry optimized design[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2003, 38(5) : 463～469．
[10] Wu R S, Chen L.Mapping directional illumination and acquisition-aperture efficacy by beamlet propagators[M].72nd Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophysics.2002．
[11] 谢桂生,刘洪,赵连功.伪谱法地震波正演模拟的多线程并行计算[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1) :17～23． Xie G S, Liu H, Zhao L G.Parallel Algorithm based on the multithread technique for pseudospectal modeling of seismic wave[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2005,20 (1) : 17～23．
[12] Biondo L B.3-D Seismic Imaging[M].Stanford University, 2003:167～182．
[13] Vermeer.3-D Symmetric Sampling[J].Geophysics,1998,63 (5) :1629～1647．
[14] 蔡其新,何佩军,秦广胜.有限差分数值模拟的最小频散算法及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,(03) :247～251,262． Cai Q X, He P J, Qin G S.Minimum dispersion algorithm by finite-difference numeric modeling and its applications[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2003,38 (3) : 247～ 251, 262．
[15] 冯伟,吴如山,王华忠,等.面向目标的小束源照明和成像[J]. 地球物理学进展,2006,21(3) :802～808． Feng W, Wu R S, Wang H Z, et al.Target oriented beam source illumination and imaging[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2006,21 (3) : 802 ～ 808．
[16] 陈生昌,马在田,Wu Ru-Shan.波动方程偏移成像阴影的照明补偿[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :844～850． Chen S C, Ma Z T, Wu R S.Illumination compensation for wave equation migration shadow[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2007, 50(3) :844～850．
[2] Lines L, Castagna J P, Treitel S.Geophysics in the new millennium[J].Geophysics, 2001,66 : 14～54．
[3] Cordsen A, Galbraith M, Peirce J.Planning land 3-D seismic surveys: Soc[M].Expl.Geophys,2000．
[4] Musser J A.3D seismic survey design: a solution[J].First Break, 2000,18, 166～171．
[5] 刘伊克,常旭,卢孟夏,Hongchuan Sun.目标函数叠前保幅偏移方法与应用[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1150～1154． Liu Y K, Chang X, Lu M X, Sun H C.Objective function prestack amplitude preserving migration and its application[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese) ,2006, 49(4) : 1150～1154．
[6] 徐升,Gilles Lambaré.复杂介质下保真振幅Kirchhoff深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1431～1444． Xu S, Gilles Lambaré.True amplitude Kirchhoff prestack depth migration in complex media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2006, 49(5) : 1431～1444．
[7] Berkhout A J.Pushing the limit of Seismic imaging[J].Geophysics, 1997,62 (3) :937～969．
[8] Berkhout A J, et al.Comprehensive assessment of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams[J].Geophysics,2001,66 (3) :911～931．
[9] 狄帮让,王长春,顾培成,等.三维观测系统优化设计的双聚焦方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5) :463～469． Di B R, Wang C C, Gu P C, et al.Double focusing method for 3-D geometry optimized design[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2003, 38(5) : 463～469．
[10] Wu R S, Chen L.Mapping directional illumination and acquisition-aperture efficacy by beamlet propagators[M].72nd Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophysics.2002．
[11] 谢桂生,刘洪,赵连功.伪谱法地震波正演模拟的多线程并行计算[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1) :17～23． Xie G S, Liu H, Zhao L G.Parallel Algorithm based on the multithread technique for pseudospectal modeling of seismic wave[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2005,20 (1) : 17～23．
[12] Biondo L B.3-D Seismic Imaging[M].Stanford University, 2003:167～182．
[13] Vermeer.3-D Symmetric Sampling[J].Geophysics,1998,63 (5) :1629～1647．
[14] 蔡其新,何佩军,秦广胜.有限差分数值模拟的最小频散算法及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,(03) :247～251,262． Cai Q X, He P J, Qin G S.Minimum dispersion algorithm by finite-difference numeric modeling and its applications[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2003,38 (3) : 247～ 251, 262．
[15] 冯伟,吴如山,王华忠,等.面向目标的小束源照明和成像[J]. 地球物理学进展,2006,21(3) :802～808． Feng W, Wu R S, Wang H Z, et al.Target oriented beam source illumination and imaging[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2006,21 (3) : 802 ～ 808．
[16] 陈生昌,马在田,Wu Ru-Shan.波动方程偏移成像阴影的照明补偿[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :844～850． Chen S C, Ma Z T, Wu R S.Illumination compensation for wave equation migration shadow[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2007, 50(3) :844～850．
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心