汶川5·12地震次生泥石流沟应急判识方法与指标
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摘要
5·12汶川大地震诱发了崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等次生灾害,崩塌、滑坡堆积物给泥石流的形成提供了大量松散固体物质,将导致灾区部分山洪沟转化为泥石流沟,为此,给出了一种泥石流沟的判识方法和指标。调查发现,汶川灾区的地形地貌和降雨条件满足泥石流的暴发条件,提出用流域单位面积的松散固体物质方量来判识泥石流沟;调查西部山区的50条泥石流沟,提出以0.1m3/m2的松散固体物质量作为泥石流沟的判别指标,以2m3/m2的松散固体物质量作为粘性泥石流沟的判别指标。
The 512 Wenchuan earthquake occurred along Longmenshan fault zone. Those regions are characteristic by complex geological structural and oversteepened slope by terms of field survey. The annual precipitation ranges from 490 mm to 1 399 mm. Masses of rock avalanches and landslide induced by the earthquake supply abundant solid matter to the formation of debris flow,which would result in the transformation of normal gullies to debris flow ones that aggravate the damage of debris flow hazards. In order to decrease the loss caused by debris flow,an emergency judge method and index of debris flow are put foreword and soil material quantity per unit area is put foreword to separate the debris flow from the flood gully in quake-hit area in this paper. According to 50 debris-flow sites in the west earthquake area of China,the index of 0.1 (m3/m2) soil material is reasonably to be used to separate debris flow sites from flood sites and the index of 2 (m3/m2) soil material is applied to separate the viscous debris-flow sites from the microviscous debris flow.
The 512 Wenchuan earthquake occurred along Longmenshan fault zone. Those regions are characteristic by complex geological structural and oversteepened slope by terms of field survey. The annual precipitation ranges from 490 mm to 1 399 mm. Masses of rock avalanches and landslide induced by the earthquake supply abundant solid matter to the formation of debris flow,which would result in the transformation of normal gullies to debris flow ones that aggravate the damage of debris flow hazards. In order to decrease the loss caused by debris flow,an emergency judge method and index of debris flow are put foreword and soil material quantity per unit area is put foreword to separate the debris flow from the flood gully in quake-hit area in this paper. According to 50 debris-flow sites in the west earthquake area of China,the index of 0.1 (m3/m2) soil material is reasonably to be used to separate debris flow sites from flood sites and the index of 2 (m3/m2) soil material is applied to separate the viscous debris-flow sites from the microviscous debris flow.
引文
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[2]Xu Junming,Tan Wanpei.Debris flowcoused by earthquake at Song-pang Pingwu in1976[A].In:Debris Flow(3)[C].Chongqing:Chongqing Technology and Science Press,1986:67～75[徐俊名,谭万沛.1976年松潘平武地震泥石流[A].见:泥石流(3)[C].重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社,1986:67～75]
[3]Tian Lianqun.Debris flow coused by earthquake at Luohuo of Si-chuan Province[A].In:Debris Flow(3)[M].Cho-ngqing:Chongqing Technology and Science Press.1986:58～66[田连权.四川炉霍地震区泥石流[A].见:泥石流(3)[M].重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社,1986:58～66]
[4]Li Shude,Ren Xiusheng,Yue Shengyang,et al.Earthquake and debris flow activities[J].Research ofSoil and Water Conservation,2001,8(2):26～28[李树德,任秀生,岳升阳,等.地震与泥石流活动[J].水土保持研究.2001,8(2):26～28]
[5]Zhong Dunlun.An approach on effects of earthquakes on activities of debris flow[A].In:Debris Flow(1)[C].Chongqing:Chongqing Technology and Science Press,1981:30～35[钟敦伦.试论地震在泥石流活动中的作用[A].见:泥石流论文集(1)[C].科学技术文献出版社重庆分社,1981:30～35]
[6]Ma Dongtao,Shi Yucheng.An approach on effects of earthquakes on formation of debris flow[J].Northwest-ern Seismological Journal,1996,18(4):38～43[马东涛,石玉成.试论地震在泥石流形成中的作用[J].西北地震学报,1996,18(4):38～43]
[7]Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters,Insti-tute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS.Flood,Debris Flow,Landslide and Hazards Control[M].Beijing:Science Press,1994:112～114[国家防汛抗旱总指挥部办公室,中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所.山洪泥石流滑坡灾害及防治[M].北京;科学出版社,1994:112～114]
[8]Wang Xuewu,Shi Yuchuan,Huang Runqiuet al.Application of Multi-Layer Fuzzy Comprehensive EvaluationMethod in Debris Flow Assessment[J].Journal ofCatostrophology.2004,19(2):1～6[王学武,石豫川,黄润秋,等.多级模糊综合评判方法在泥石流评价中的应用[J].灾害学.2004,19(2):1～6]
[9]Hou Langong,Cui Peng.The study on assessment of debris flow hazards in the solo chennel[J].Research ofSoil andWaterConserva-tion.2004,11(2):125～129[侯兰功,崔鹏.单沟泥石流灾害危险性评价研究[J].水土保持研究.2004,11(2):125～129]
[10]Flood control and Drougnt Fighting Headquarter of Sichuan People’s Government;Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences&Water Conservancy.Mountain Flood Control Planning in Sichuan Province[R].2004:6～7,49～55[四川省人民政府防汛抗旱指挥部,中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所.四川省山洪防治规划[R].2004:6～7,49～55]
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