危岩体调查及稳定性工程地质分类方法探讨
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摘要
危岩体是指陡峭边坡上被多组结构面切割,在重力、风化营力、地应力、地震、水体等作用下与母岩逐渐分离,稳定性较差的岩体。其对工程建设的潜在威胁严重。野外调查是危岩体研究中的最基础,最关键的部分。在总结对我国西南地区大型水电站危岩体的野外调查、险情排查经验的基础上,提出危岩体调查应该按资料收集、了解调查区所影响的建构筑物的特征、调查区全貌观察(确定调查的路线)、初步调查以及补充调查和现场复核等步骤进行。介绍了危岩体的边界、成因、稳定性、几何尺寸、失稳方式、运动轨迹及对建构筑物可能造成的危害等的确定方法。还介绍了先进的三维激光扫描技术在危岩体调查中的应用。最后提出了根据地质特征对危岩体进行稳定性分类的方法。这些成果有助于预防边坡地质灾害和边坡防护对策的制定。
Potential unstable rock masses are low stability ones on the steep slope which are delimited by several discontinuities and gradually separated from parent rock masses under the effect of gravity,weathering stress,crustal stress,earthquake,water etc.They badly threaten the safety of engineering construction.Field survey is the most basic and key portion in their research.Based on summarizing the field survey and danger checking experience at large hydropower station in Southwest China,the process which should be divided into collecting information,learning the construction character in investigated area,observing investigated area panorama(determining the way for field survey),primary and supplementary surveying,field checking etc.is proposed.Then the determining measure in boundary,cause of formation,stability,geometrical dimension,failure pattern,possible movement track,possible endangering the construction etc.of potential unstable rock masses and the application of advanced 3D Laser Scan- ning System in their survey are introduced.Finally,the stability classification method based on geological characteris- tics for potential unstable rock masses is put forward.The results may help us to make out a draft of geohazards pre- vention and slope protection countermeasures.
Potential unstable rock masses are low stability ones on the steep slope which are delimited by several discontinuities and gradually separated from parent rock masses under the effect of gravity,weathering stress,crustal stress,earthquake,water etc.They badly threaten the safety of engineering construction.Field survey is the most basic and key portion in their research.Based on summarizing the field survey and danger checking experience at large hydropower station in Southwest China,the process which should be divided into collecting information,learning the construction character in investigated area,observing investigated area panorama(determining the way for field survey),primary and supplementary surveying,field checking etc.is proposed.Then the determining measure in boundary,cause of formation,stability,geometrical dimension,failure pattern,possible movement track,possible endangering the construction etc.of potential unstable rock masses and the application of advanced 3D Laser Scan- ning System in their survey are introduced.Finally,the stability classification method based on geological characteris- tics for potential unstable rock masses is put forward.The results may help us to make out a draft of geohazards pre- vention and slope protection countermeasures.
引文
[1]陈洪凯，唐红梅，胡明等．危岩锚固计算方法研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8)：1321-1327．(CHEN Hongkai,TANG Hongmei,HU Ming et al.Research on anchorage calculation method for unstable rock [J].Chi- nese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005, 24 (8):1321-1327.(in Chinese))
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[5]哈秋龄，张永兴．岩石边坡工程—长江三峡西陵峡链子崖危岩体稳定性研究[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社,1995.(HA Qiuling,ZHANG Yongxing.Rock slope engineering—Research on stability of Lianziya dan- gerous rockbody in the Xiling Gorge of Three Gorges of Yangtze River [M].Chongqing:Chongqing University Press,1995.(in Chinese))
[6]张钧．焦柳线危岩落石整治工程勘测设计回顾[J]．路基工程，1998，(6)：59-63．(ZHANG Jun．Retro- spect of survey design for treatment of falling rock of un- stable rockmass on Jiaoliu line [J].Subgrade Engineer- ing,1998,(6):59-63.(in Chinese))
[7]陈光宗．江东危岩群的形成及其防治[J]．水文地质工程地质，1994，(12)：58-63．(CHEN Guangzong．Formation and its prevention of Jiangdong unstable rock group [J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 1994,(12):58-63.(in Chinese))
[8]黄润秋，王贤能，唐胜传．热应力的交变作用对边坡危岩体形成的影响[J]．自然科学进展，1999，9(8)：716-722．(HUANG Runqiu,WANG Xianneng,TANG Shengchuan. Influence of thermal stress alternation on formation of un- stable rock of the slope [J].Natural Sciences Progress, 1999,9 (8):716-722.(in Chinese))
[9]刘传正，张明霞．长江三峡链子崖危岩体防治工程研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，1999，18(5)：497- 502.(LIU Chuanzheng,ZHANG Mingxia.Research on the control engineering of Lianziya dangerous rockbody in the Three Gorges of Yangtze River [J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18 (5):497-502.(in Chinese))
[10]张奇华，彭光忠．链子崖危岩体软弱夹层的蠕变性质研究[J]．岩土力学，1997，18(1)：60-64．(ZHANG Qihua,PENG Guangzhong.Research on Creep Behavior of the Week Intercalated Bed in the Dangerous Rock Body of Lianzi Cliff [J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1997,18 (1):60-64.(in Chi- nese))
[11]夏元友，朱瑞赓．黄石市板岩山危岩体防治方案决策分析[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2000，19(4)：498 -500.(XIA Yuanyou,ZHU Ruigen.Analysis on control decision-making of unstable rockmass in Ban- yan Mountain,Huangshi City Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19 (4):498- 500.(in Chinese))
[12]谢全敏，刘雄．危岩体柔性网络锁固治理研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2000，19(5)：640-642．(XIE Quanmin,LIU Xiong.Locking reinforcement of dangerous rocks with flexible network [J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19 (5):640-642.(in Chinese))
[13]谢全敏，夏元友．危岩块体稳定性的综合评价方法分析[J]．岩土力学，2002，23(6)：775-781．(XIE Quanmin,XIA Yuanyou.Comprehensive assessment method of stability of critical rock-block mass and its application [J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23 (6):775-781.(in Chinese))
[2]杨淑碧，董孝壁．重庆市中心区危岩稳定性研究[M]．成都：成都科技大学出版社，1994，38-41．(YANG Shubi,DONG Xiaobi.Research on stability of unstable rock in central area of Chongqing city [M]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Science and Technolo- gy Press,1994,38-41.(in Chinese))
[3]吴文雪，刘耕．三峡库区危岩稳定性分析[J]．重庆交通学院学报，2003，22(sup)：112-116．(WU Wenxue,LIU Gen.Analysis on stability of unstable rock in Three Gorges Reservoir region [J].Journal of Chongqing Institute of Communication,2003,22 (S): 112-116.(in Chinese))
[4]陈洪凯，王蓉，唐红梅．危岩研究现状及趋势综述[J]．重庆交通学院学报，2003，22(3)：18-22．(CHEN Hongkai,WANG Rong,TANG Hongmei.Re- view of present state and trend of unstable rock research [J].Journal of Chongqing Institute of Communication, 2003,22 (3):18-22.(in Chinese))
[5]哈秋龄，张永兴．岩石边坡工程—长江三峡西陵峡链子崖危岩体稳定性研究[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社,1995.(HA Qiuling,ZHANG Yongxing.Rock slope engineering—Research on stability of Lianziya dan- gerous rockbody in the Xiling Gorge of Three Gorges of Yangtze River [M].Chongqing:Chongqing University Press,1995.(in Chinese))
[6]张钧．焦柳线危岩落石整治工程勘测设计回顾[J]．路基工程，1998，(6)：59-63．(ZHANG Jun．Retro- spect of survey design for treatment of falling rock of un- stable rockmass on Jiaoliu line [J].Subgrade Engineer- ing,1998,(6):59-63.(in Chinese))
[7]陈光宗．江东危岩群的形成及其防治[J]．水文地质工程地质，1994，(12)：58-63．(CHEN Guangzong．Formation and its prevention of Jiangdong unstable rock group [J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 1994,(12):58-63.(in Chinese))
[8]黄润秋，王贤能，唐胜传．热应力的交变作用对边坡危岩体形成的影响[J]．自然科学进展，1999，9(8)：716-722．(HUANG Runqiu,WANG Xianneng,TANG Shengchuan. Influence of thermal stress alternation on formation of un- stable rock of the slope [J].Natural Sciences Progress, 1999,9 (8):716-722.(in Chinese))
[9]刘传正，张明霞．长江三峡链子崖危岩体防治工程研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，1999，18(5)：497- 502.(LIU Chuanzheng,ZHANG Mingxia.Research on the control engineering of Lianziya dangerous rockbody in the Three Gorges of Yangtze River [J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18 (5):497-502.(in Chinese))
[10]张奇华，彭光忠．链子崖危岩体软弱夹层的蠕变性质研究[J]．岩土力学，1997，18(1)：60-64．(ZHANG Qihua,PENG Guangzhong.Research on Creep Behavior of the Week Intercalated Bed in the Dangerous Rock Body of Lianzi Cliff [J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1997,18 (1):60-64.(in Chi- nese))
[11]夏元友，朱瑞赓．黄石市板岩山危岩体防治方案决策分析[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2000，19(4)：498 -500.(XIA Yuanyou,ZHU Ruigen.Analysis on control decision-making of unstable rockmass in Ban- yan Mountain,Huangshi City Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19 (4):498- 500.(in Chinese))
[12]谢全敏，刘雄．危岩体柔性网络锁固治理研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2000，19(5)：640-642．(XIE Quanmin,LIU Xiong.Locking reinforcement of dangerous rocks with flexible network [J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19 (5):640-642.(in Chinese))
[13]谢全敏，夏元友．危岩块体稳定性的综合评价方法分析[J]．岩土力学，2002，23(6)：775-781．(XIE Quanmin,XIA Yuanyou.Comprehensive assessment method of stability of critical rock-block mass and its application [J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23 (6):775-781.(in Chinese))
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