单轴加卸载扰动下石灰岩声发射特性研究
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摘要
以取自拟建大连地铁二号线的石灰岩试件为研究对象,用单轴循环加卸载扰动来模拟交通荷载,进行该加载过程的声发射特性研究,并利用RFPA2D模拟岩石加卸载循环下的破坏过程。试验结果证实该种石灰岩存在Kaiser效应,也证实加卸载下的Felicity效应的存在。将加卸载理论应用于岩石的声发射前兆分析中,将加卸载响应比Y值达到(接近)1作为此种岩石失稳破坏前兆特征;石灰岩破裂过程中声发射能量加速释放现象明显。数值模拟结果能看到明显的Kaiser效应以及各步对应的声发射现象,将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比发现,岩石均质度系数m=5时,二者最为接近。所得结果可望为地下工程的施工安全研究提供理论依据。
Take limestone samples from metro Line 2 as research objects,and study acoustic emission(AE) characteristics under uniaxial cyclic load-unload disturbance,which simulate the traffic load disturbance,then carry out numerical simulation of rock failure process under load-unload by RFPA2D.The results confirmed the existence of Kaiser effect of such limestone,also confirmed the existence of Felicity effect under loading-unloading.Loading and unloading theory will be applied to the rock acoustic emission precursor analysis,taken the Y value(load/unload response ratio,LURR) reach(close) to 1 as a precursor of failure characteristics of such rock.The AE energy of such stone accelerated release obviously.The numerical simulation shows evident Kaiser effect,and the corresponding AE event vividly.The comparison of the results of simulation and tests shows that,the two are the most closed when the coefficient of homogeneity m is 5.The results are expected to provide basis for construction safety and to avoid geological disaster in the underground works.
Take limestone samples from metro Line 2 as research objects,and study acoustic emission(AE) characteristics under uniaxial cyclic load-unload disturbance,which simulate the traffic load disturbance,then carry out numerical simulation of rock failure process under load-unload by RFPA2D.The results confirmed the existence of Kaiser effect of such limestone,also confirmed the existence of Felicity effect under loading-unloading.Loading and unloading theory will be applied to the rock acoustic emission precursor analysis,taken the Y value(load/unload response ratio,LURR) reach(close) to 1 as a precursor of failure characteristics of such rock.The AE energy of such stone accelerated release obviously.The numerical simulation shows evident Kaiser effect,and the corresponding AE event vividly.The comparison of the results of simulation and tests shows that,the two are the most closed when the coefficient of homogeneity m is 5.The results are expected to provide basis for construction safety and to avoid geological disaster in the underground works.
引文
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[12]尹祥础,PETER M,彭克银,等.加卸载响应比、能量加速释放的临界尺度及地震预测[J].国际地震动态,2004,(5):24–30.(YIN Xiangchu,PETER M,PENG Keyin,et al.Critical scaling and earthquake prediction of load/unload response ratio and AE/MR[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2004,(5):24–30.(in Chinese))
[13]YIN X C,PETER M,PENG K Y,et al.Load-unload response ratio and accelerating moment/rnergy release critical region scaling and earthquake prediction[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2002,159(10):2 511–2 523.
[14]唐春安,王述红,傅宇方.岩石破裂过程数值试验[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:41–42.(TANG Chun′an,WANG Suhong,FU Yufang.Numerical experiments of rock failure process[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003:41–42.(in Chinese))
[15]樊运晓.损伤:Kaiser效应记忆机制的探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):254–258.(FAN Yunxiao.Damage:the mechanism of Kaiser effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(2):254–258.(in Chinese))
[2]HIRATA T.Fractal dimension of fault systems in Japan:fractal structure in rock fracture geometry at various scales[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1989,131(1/2):157–170.
[3]腾山邦久.声发射(AE)技术的应用[M].冯夏庭译.北京:冶金工业出版社,1997:52–54.(KATSUYAMA K.Application of AE techniques[M].Translated by FENG Xiating.Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,1997:52–54.(in Chinese))
[4]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB/T 50266—1999工程岩体试验方法标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.GB/T 50266—1999 Standard for tests method of engineering rock massas[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[5]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.TB 10115—1998铁路工程岩石试验规程[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,1998.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.TB 10115—1998 Test methods of rocks for railway engineering[S].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1998.(in Chinese))
[6]袁振明,马羽宽,何泽云.声发射技术及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1985:5–6.(YUAN Zhenming,MA Yukuan,HE Zeyun.Acoustic emission technique and its application[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,1985:5–6.(in Chinese))
[7]张洪亭,王明赞.测试技术[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,2005:3–8.(ZHANG Hongting,WANG Mingzan.Testing technology[M].Shenyang:Northeastern University Press,2005:3–8.(in Chinese))
[8]张浪平,尹祥础,梁乃刚.加卸载响应比与损伤变量关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1 874–1 881.(ZHANG Langping,YIN Xiangchu,LIANG Naigang.Study on relation between load/unload response ratio and damage variable[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1 874–1 881.(in Chinese))
[9]张晖辉,颜玉定,余怀忠,等.循环载荷下大试件岩石破坏声发射试验–岩石破坏前兆的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(21):3 621–3 628.(ZHANG Huihui,YAN Yuding,YU Huaizhong,et al.Acoustic emission experimental research on large-scaled rock failure under cycling load-fracture precursor of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(21):3 621–3 628.(in Chinese))
[10]SURESH S.Crack Initiation in cyclic compression and its application[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1985,12(2):453–463.
[11]周洋,詹国栋,徐明英.陶瓷基复合材料在循环压应力条件下的疲劳损伤[J].无机材料学报,1994,9(2):197–203.(ZHOU Yang,ZHAN Guodong,XU Mingying.Cyclic compressive fatigue behavior in a ceramic composite[J].Journal of Inorganic Materials,1994,9(2):197–203.(in Chinese))
[12]尹祥础,PETER M,彭克银,等.加卸载响应比、能量加速释放的临界尺度及地震预测[J].国际地震动态,2004,(5):24–30.(YIN Xiangchu,PETER M,PENG Keyin,et al.Critical scaling and earthquake prediction of load/unload response ratio and AE/MR[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2004,(5):24–30.(in Chinese))
[13]YIN X C,PETER M,PENG K Y,et al.Load-unload response ratio and accelerating moment/rnergy release critical region scaling and earthquake prediction[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2002,159(10):2 511–2 523.
[14]唐春安,王述红,傅宇方.岩石破裂过程数值试验[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:41–42.(TANG Chun′an,WANG Suhong,FU Yufang.Numerical experiments of rock failure process[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003:41–42.(in Chinese))
[15]樊运晓.损伤:Kaiser效应记忆机制的探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):254–258.(FAN Yunxiao.Damage:the mechanism of Kaiser effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(2):254–258.(in Chinese))
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