地应力测量及其地下工程应用的思考
|
摘要
国内外地应力实测资料证实,地表附近构造应力受多种影响因素的干扰,经常叠加着非构造应力(如地形等引起的应力)。为此,本文讨论了地应力测量及其地下工程应用值得注意的问题。地应力测量前应充分考虑测量孔位的选定和地形地貌、岩性、断裂等的影响;地应力测量后应对测值的各种影响因素和可靠性进行分析、进行岩石力学性质校正和对比分析以及测值的代表性分析等;工程应用应考虑具体工程所处不同构造部位、不同岩性、不同岩体结构、不同深度等局部地应力状态的变化和差异,此外,工程本身不同的设计结构、尺寸等引起的局部地应力状态变化也需予以充分考虑。
Tectonic stress near the surface of crust,which is measured and tested at home and abroad,is always affected by a few factors,and is overlapped by non-tectonic stress,e.g. stress caused by topography. Therefore,this paper has discussed the items needed to pay attention before and after crustal stress measuring. Before the measurements,we should focus on the determination of measuring sites and on the influence of the factors of landform,rock types,fractures,and so on. After the measurements,an analysis on the reliability,the correction and comparison,and the representative of the measuring values is necessary. The variation and difference of local crustal stress states should be considered at different structural sites,different rock types,different rock mass constitutions,different depths and so on along underground engineering route line. In addition,the variation of local crustal stress states caused by different engineering design texture,size and so on should also be taken into consideration.
Tectonic stress near the surface of crust,which is measured and tested at home and abroad,is always affected by a few factors,and is overlapped by non-tectonic stress,e.g. stress caused by topography. Therefore,this paper has discussed the items needed to pay attention before and after crustal stress measuring. Before the measurements,we should focus on the determination of measuring sites and on the influence of the factors of landform,rock types,fractures,and so on. After the measurements,an analysis on the reliability,the correction and comparison,and the representative of the measuring values is necessary. The variation and difference of local crustal stress states should be considered at different structural sites,different rock types,different rock mass constitutions,different depths and so on along underground engineering route line. In addition,the variation of local crustal stress states caused by different engineering design texture,size and so on should also be taken into consideration.
引文
安欧.1992.构造应力场.北京:地震出版社.
白世伟,李光煜.1982.二滩水电站岩体应力场研究.岩石力学与工程学报,1(1):45～55.
陈彭年,陈宏德,高莉青.1990.世界地应力实测资料汇编.北京:地震出版社.
陈庆宣,王维襄,孙叶,等.1998.岩石力学与构造应力场分析.北京:地质出版社.
高建理,丁建民,梁国平,等.1990.龙羊峡水电站水压致裂应力测量。岩石力学与工程学报,9(2):134～145.
李方全,孙世宗,李立球.华北及郯庐断裂带地应力测量.岩石力学与工程学报,1982,1(1):73～86.
李方全,张伯崇,苏恺之,等.1993.三峡坝区水库诱发地震研究-茅坪钻孔的现场测试与分析。北京:地震出版社.
苏生瑞,王士天,朱合华.2002.断裂对地应力场影响的研究。中国岩石力学与工程学会第七次学术大会论文集.
袁登维,梅应堂,秦兴黎,等.1996.长江三峡工程坝区及外围地壳稳定性研究。武汉:中国地质大学出版社.
Amadei B,Pan E.1992.Gravitational stresses in anisotropic rock withinclined strata.Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Ab-str.,29:225～236.
Amadei B,Savage W Z,Swolfs HS.1988.Gravity-induced stresses instratified rock masses.Rock Mech.Rock Engng,21:1～20.
Evans K F.1989.Appalachian stress study.Regional scale stress vari-ations and their relation to structure and contemporary tectonics.J.Geophys.Res.,94:17619～17645.
Liao J J,Savage W Z,Amadei B.1992.Gravitational stresses inanisotropic ridges and valleys with small slopes.J.Geophys.Res,97:3325～3336.
Liu L,Zoback M D.1992.The effect of topography on the state of stress in the crust:Application to the site of the Cajon Pass Scien-tific Drilling Project.J.Geophys.Res.,97:5095～510.
Martin C D.1990.Characterizing in-situ stress domains at the AECLunderground research laboratory.Canadian Geotechnical Journal,27:631～646.
McGarr A.1988.On the state of lithospheric stress in the absence ofapplied tectonic forces.J.Geophys.Res.,93:13609～13617.
McTigue D F,Mei C C.1987.Gravity induced stresses near axisym-metric topography of small slopes.Int.J.Num.Anal.MethodsGeomech.,11:257～268.
McTigue D F,Mei C C.1981.Gravity induced stresses near topogra-phy of small slopes.J.Geophys.Res.,86:9268～9278.
Pan E,Amadei B,Savage W Z.1994.Gravitational stresses in longsymmetric ridges and valleys in anisotropic rock.Int.J.RockMech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,31:293～312.
Pan E,Amadei B.,Savage W Z.1995.Gravitational and tectonicstresses in anisotropic rock with irregular topography.Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,32:201～214.
Savage W Z,Swolfs H S.1986.Tectonic and gravitational stress inlong symmetric ridges and valleys.J.Geophys.Res.,91:3677～3685.
Savage W Z,Swolfs H S,Amadei B.1992.On the state of stress inthe near surface of the Earth's crust.J.Pure Appl.Geophys,138:207～228.
Savage W Z,Swolfs H S,Powers P S.1985.Gravitational stress inlong symmetric ridges and valleys.Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,22:291～302.
Savage W Z.1995.Gravity-induced stresses in finite slopes.Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,32:132.
Swolfs H S,Savage W Z.1986.Topographic modification of in-situstress in extensional and compressional tectonic environments.Proc.Int.Sym.Rock Stress&Rock Stress Measurements,89～98.
Tan C,Sun Y,Wang R.2000.Present activity of the Shenzhen faultzone and its impact on the safety of a planned diversion tunnel inShenzhen,China.Engineering Geology,57(1&2):73～80.
Tan Chengxuan,Sun Ye,Wang Ruijiang,et al.1997.Assessmentand zonation of regional crustal stability in and around the dam re-gion of the Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River.Environ-mental Geology,32(4):285～295.
Zoback M D,Tsukara H,Hickman S.1980.Stress measurements atdepth in the vicinity of the San Andreas Fault——Implications forthe magnitude of shear stress at depth.J.Geophys.Res.,85:6157～6173.
Zoback M L.1992.First-and second-order patterns of stress in thelithosphere:The World Stress Map Project.Journal of Geophysi-cal Research,97(B8):11703～11728.
白世伟,李光煜.1982.二滩水电站岩体应力场研究.岩石力学与工程学报,1(1):45～55.
陈彭年,陈宏德,高莉青.1990.世界地应力实测资料汇编.北京:地震出版社.
陈庆宣,王维襄,孙叶,等.1998.岩石力学与构造应力场分析.北京:地质出版社.
高建理,丁建民,梁国平,等.1990.龙羊峡水电站水压致裂应力测量。岩石力学与工程学报,9(2):134～145.
李方全,孙世宗,李立球.华北及郯庐断裂带地应力测量.岩石力学与工程学报,1982,1(1):73～86.
李方全,张伯崇,苏恺之,等.1993.三峡坝区水库诱发地震研究-茅坪钻孔的现场测试与分析。北京:地震出版社.
苏生瑞,王士天,朱合华.2002.断裂对地应力场影响的研究。中国岩石力学与工程学会第七次学术大会论文集.
袁登维,梅应堂,秦兴黎,等.1996.长江三峡工程坝区及外围地壳稳定性研究。武汉:中国地质大学出版社.
Amadei B,Pan E.1992.Gravitational stresses in anisotropic rock withinclined strata.Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Ab-str.,29:225～236.
Amadei B,Savage W Z,Swolfs HS.1988.Gravity-induced stresses instratified rock masses.Rock Mech.Rock Engng,21:1～20.
Evans K F.1989.Appalachian stress study.Regional scale stress vari-ations and their relation to structure and contemporary tectonics.J.Geophys.Res.,94:17619～17645.
Liao J J,Savage W Z,Amadei B.1992.Gravitational stresses inanisotropic ridges and valleys with small slopes.J.Geophys.Res,97:3325～3336.
Liu L,Zoback M D.1992.The effect of topography on the state of stress in the crust:Application to the site of the Cajon Pass Scien-tific Drilling Project.J.Geophys.Res.,97:5095～510.
Martin C D.1990.Characterizing in-situ stress domains at the AECLunderground research laboratory.Canadian Geotechnical Journal,27:631～646.
McGarr A.1988.On the state of lithospheric stress in the absence ofapplied tectonic forces.J.Geophys.Res.,93:13609～13617.
McTigue D F,Mei C C.1987.Gravity induced stresses near axisym-metric topography of small slopes.Int.J.Num.Anal.MethodsGeomech.,11:257～268.
McTigue D F,Mei C C.1981.Gravity induced stresses near topogra-phy of small slopes.J.Geophys.Res.,86:9268～9278.
Pan E,Amadei B,Savage W Z.1994.Gravitational stresses in longsymmetric ridges and valleys in anisotropic rock.Int.J.RockMech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,31:293～312.
Pan E,Amadei B.,Savage W Z.1995.Gravitational and tectonicstresses in anisotropic rock with irregular topography.Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,32:201～214.
Savage W Z,Swolfs H S.1986.Tectonic and gravitational stress inlong symmetric ridges and valleys.J.Geophys.Res.,91:3677～3685.
Savage W Z,Swolfs H S,Amadei B.1992.On the state of stress inthe near surface of the Earth's crust.J.Pure Appl.Geophys,138:207～228.
Savage W Z,Swolfs H S,Powers P S.1985.Gravitational stress inlong symmetric ridges and valleys.Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,22:291～302.
Savage W Z.1995.Gravity-induced stresses in finite slopes.Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,32:132.
Swolfs H S,Savage W Z.1986.Topographic modification of in-situstress in extensional and compressional tectonic environments.Proc.Int.Sym.Rock Stress&Rock Stress Measurements,89～98.
Tan C,Sun Y,Wang R.2000.Present activity of the Shenzhen faultzone and its impact on the safety of a planned diversion tunnel inShenzhen,China.Engineering Geology,57(1&2):73～80.
Tan Chengxuan,Sun Ye,Wang Ruijiang,et al.1997.Assessmentand zonation of regional crustal stability in and around the dam re-gion of the Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River.Environ-mental Geology,32(4):285～295.
Zoback M D,Tsukara H,Hickman S.1980.Stress measurements atdepth in the vicinity of the San Andreas Fault——Implications forthe magnitude of shear stress at depth.J.Geophys.Res.,85:6157～6173.
Zoback M L.1992.First-and second-order patterns of stress in thelithosphere:The World Stress Map Project.Journal of Geophysi-cal Research,97(B8):11703～11728.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心