紧邻基础设施的爆破安全管理
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摘要
研究目的:通过朔黄线的西柏坡电厂三期铁路专用线工程爆破作业实例,试图说明,在重要的基础设施附近进行爆破作业的安全保证,靠目前的绝对安全的管理理念是无法做到的,应当从整体上对施工安全进行系统的规划和落实。研究结论:在包括运营中的铁路在内的重要基础设施附近进行爆破施工,通常所采用的基于风险方法的安全管理不适合目前的工程施工环境,在现场缺乏可操作性;施工单位是危险产生的源头,不但在投标阶段即应有尽量符合实际的防灾计划,更应在施工阶段制定切实可行的防灾措施。但是,只有业主、施工单位和设施主人共同从整体上承当防灾体系的制定和实施的责任与义务,才能从根本上预防或缓解灾难的发生及从可能出现的灾难中快速恢复。
Research purposes:With the blasting work for the phase 3 project of the special railway line to Xiabaipo Power Plant,this paper tries to explain that the current concept on absolute safety can not ensure the safety of the blasting operation closely adjacent to the important infrastructures.For the safety,the systematic planning should be worked out and the safety measure should be taken.Research conclusions:When the blasting work is carried out closely adjacent to the infrastructures like the railways,the safety management based on risks does not fit to current construction environment due to its lack of operability on the sites.The contractors are usually the creators of hazards,so the plans of disaster prevention is not only made in the bidding stage,but the most importance is to make it implemented in the construction phases.Only if the clients,the contractors and the owners of the infrastructures jointly undertake the obligation and responsibilities to work out and implement the plan of disaster prevention,can the occurrence of disaster be avoided and quick recovery from the disasters be realized.
Research purposes:With the blasting work for the phase 3 project of the special railway line to Xiabaipo Power Plant,this paper tries to explain that the current concept on absolute safety can not ensure the safety of the blasting operation closely adjacent to the important infrastructures.For the safety,the systematic planning should be worked out and the safety measure should be taken.Research conclusions:When the blasting work is carried out closely adjacent to the infrastructures like the railways,the safety management based on risks does not fit to current construction environment due to its lack of operability on the sites.The contractors are usually the creators of hazards,so the plans of disaster prevention is not only made in the bidding stage,but the most importance is to make it implemented in the construction phases.Only if the clients,the contractors and the owners of the infrastructures jointly undertake the obligation and responsibilities to work out and implement the plan of disaster prevention,can the occurrence of disaster be avoided and quick recovery from the disasters be realized.
引文
[1]杨小礼.铁路明洞行车安全等级的模糊评判[J].铁道工程学报,2000(4):66-69.
[2]Nancy G.Leveson.ANewApproach To system Safety Engi-neering[J].M.I.TResearch Report,2002(6):8-63.
[3]Wolfgang Garatwa,GTZ.Dr.Christina Bollin.Disaster RiskManagement,O.K.KOPIE GmbH,65719 Hofheim-Wal-lau,Eschborn,2002.
[4]Henk Voogd.Disaster Prevention in Urban Environments[J].European Journal of Spatial Development,2004(12):32-52.
[5]康宁.工程爆破中的飞石预防和控制[J].爆破,1999,16(1):80-87.
[6]申茂夏,郑平,徐成光.水利水电工程爆破技术新进展[J].广西水利水电,2004(3):27-31.
[7]张兴赟.敏感危险区石方开挖控制爆破[J].小水电,2004,116(2):41-43.
[2]Nancy G.Leveson.ANewApproach To system Safety Engi-neering[J].M.I.TResearch Report,2002(6):8-63.
[3]Wolfgang Garatwa,GTZ.Dr.Christina Bollin.Disaster RiskManagement,O.K.KOPIE GmbH,65719 Hofheim-Wal-lau,Eschborn,2002.
[4]Henk Voogd.Disaster Prevention in Urban Environments[J].European Journal of Spatial Development,2004(12):32-52.
[5]康宁.工程爆破中的飞石预防和控制[J].爆破,1999,16(1):80-87.
[6]申茂夏,郑平,徐成光.水利水电工程爆破技术新进展[J].广西水利水电,2004(3):27-31.
[7]张兴赟.敏感危险区石方开挖控制爆破[J].小水电,2004,116(2):41-43.
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