卫星定位导航系统在地震应急救援中的应用
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摘要
在对地震灾害特点综合分析的基础上,分析了地震应急响应与救援决策中的关键性问题。认为震害的规模、程度、空间分布和灾情发展趋势,以及快速获取灾情信息已成为整个地震应急响应和救援决策的关键;而对灾情空间分布及其不同灾情程度位置的确定是救援决策的先导与重要环节。卫星定位导航技术在地震应急搜救的信息快速获取、应急响应、救援决策、指挥、搜索与营救等救援行动的整个过程中,都将发挥其强大的功能。建议研发中国北斗灾害应急救援导航与指挥决策系统,包括地震灾情快速获取、快速判定和决策定位导航技术系统、地震救援指挥调度技术系统和应急救援物流定位导航技术系统建设;研发北斗灾害应急救援导航装备,包括自主定位导航幸存者搜索和营救设备研发和国内外巨灾救援专用定位与导航系统研发。
Based on features of earthquake disasters, this paper proposes following key points of earthquake emergency response and relief mission decision-making: disaster scale, grades, distribution, tendency and collecting information rapidly. Moreover, making clear about disaster spatial distribution and extent & location are priority and significant issues in decision-making. GPS technology will play an important role in disaster information collection, emergency responses, decision-making, commanding, search and rescue action. To research and establish Beidou disaster emergency rescue navigation and decision-making system has also been suggested in this paper.
Based on features of earthquake disasters, this paper proposes following key points of earthquake emergency response and relief mission decision-making: disaster scale, grades, distribution, tendency and collecting information rapidly. Moreover, making clear about disaster spatial distribution and extent & location are priority and significant issues in decision-making. GPS technology will play an important role in disaster information collection, emergency responses, decision-making, commanding, search and rescue action. To research and establish Beidou disaster emergency rescue navigation and decision-making system has also been suggested in this paper.
引文
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新华网,2007.日本30%手机装上GPS在地震救援中大显身手.http://news.xinhuanet.com/tech/2007-07/23/content_6415356.htm
周露,刘宝忠,2004.北斗卫星定位系统的技术特征分析与应用.全球定位系统,4期:12—16.
Andrew Orlowski,2001.Life Assessment Detector System.http://www.raven1.net/lads.htm.
Bradley J.,Robert W.,Richard P.,Rommel D.M.,Dawn M.M.and Charles J.,2007.Improving Situational Awareness for First Responders via Mobile Computing.Smart Systems Research Laboratory,NASA Ames Research Center.http://ti.arc.nasa.gov/projects/ssrl/Papers/Betts05.pdf
Coffee Peter,2004.UWB Shows Promise,Drawbacks.EWeek,21:37.
Drew Cullen,2002.NASA Robot Rescue.http://www.theregister.co.uk.
Federal Emergency Management Agency,2000.Urban Search and Rescue Response System.Operations Manual in Federal Disaster Operations.
Zampolli S.and Elmi I.,2004.An Electronic Nose Based on Solid State Sensor Arrays for Low-cost Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Applications.Sensors&Actuators B:Chemical,101:1—2.
樊秀云,袁嗣杰,张合敏,2002.伪码数字相关在超声波测距中的应用.装备指挥技术学院学报.3期:77—80.
高建国,2004.中央级救灾物资储备仓库在地震紧急救援中的作用.国际地震动态,8期:22—28.
民政部、财政部,2002.关于建立中央级救灾物资储备制度的通知(民政部、财政部1998年7月31日颁布,民电[1998]167号).见:中华人民共和国民政法规大全.北京:中国法制出版社,1182—1183.
曲国胜,李亦纲,宁宝坤等,2006.国际地震巨灾灾情快速判定模型的初步研究.应用基础与工程科学学报,14(增刊):6—11.
徐德诗,孙雄,陈虹,苗崇刚,侯建盛,2004.中国地震应急救援工作综述.国际地震动态,6期:1—7.
新华网,2007.日本30%手机装上GPS在地震救援中大显身手.http://news.xinhuanet.com/tech/2007-07/23/content_6415356.htm
周露,刘宝忠,2004.北斗卫星定位系统的技术特征分析与应用.全球定位系统,4期:12—16.
Andrew Orlowski,2001.Life Assessment Detector System.http://www.raven1.net/lads.htm.
Bradley J.,Robert W.,Richard P.,Rommel D.M.,Dawn M.M.and Charles J.,2007.Improving Situational Awareness for First Responders via Mobile Computing.Smart Systems Research Laboratory,NASA Ames Research Center.http://ti.arc.nasa.gov/projects/ssrl/Papers/Betts05.pdf
Coffee Peter,2004.UWB Shows Promise,Drawbacks.EWeek,21:37.
Drew Cullen,2002.NASA Robot Rescue.http://www.theregister.co.uk.
Federal Emergency Management Agency,2000.Urban Search and Rescue Response System.Operations Manual in Federal Disaster Operations.
Zampolli S.and Elmi I.,2004.An Electronic Nose Based on Solid State Sensor Arrays for Low-cost Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Applications.Sensors&Actuators B:Chemical,101:1—2.
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