首都圈地区的地震活动性与断裂的关系
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摘要
通过地震学参数研究构造脆性变形的方法 ,着重分析了首都圈地区地震活动的“时、空、强”及其震源机制分布特征与断裂活动的关系 ,展示出该地区断裂活动的定量性规律 ,由此获得了首都圈地区上地壳变形的物理模型。结果表明 :首都圈地区地震活动的“时、空、强”及其震源机制分布特征与断裂活动性质吻合较好 ,NE或NEE向和NWW向 2组断裂构成共轭断裂 ;沿NWW -SEE向的张家口 -渤海湾断裂带两侧形成了燕山块体、晋北块体、太行山块体和冀中块体的基本活动体系 ;在NWW -SEE向串列状的块体边界上形成一定量的NWW向地震活动密集带 ,而在与其共轭的NE或NEE向断裂交汇点附近具有发生中强震级以上地震的构造条件
In this paper,the relation of time,space and intensity characteristics,as well as focal mechanisms of earthquakes to fault activity in Beijing area has been analyzed.A tectonic deformation model for the upper crust of this region is developed in this paper in the light of the quantitative analysis of fault activity.The results show that the earthquakes in this region are distributed mainly along the NWW direction,forming a concentration belt of earthquakes.In addition,several earthquakes of above magnitude M S 4.5occurred a-long the NE-or NEE-trending faults.These two sets of fault form a conjugate fault system,on which earth-quakes occur alternately in different active periods,and the average release rate of creep energy corre-sponds to the occurrence of one M S 4.2earthquake per year.The crust of Beijing region can be divided in-to the Yanshan,North Shanxi,Taihangshan and Central Hebei blocks,which have an irregular boundary along the NWW direction.Under the action of the NEE-directed principal compressive stress,these NWW-arranged blocks were easily activated,resulting in concentration belts of earthquake of a certain scale along block boundaries.Moreover,earthquakes of above magnitude M S 4.5occurred along the conjugated NE-or NEE-trending faults.
In this paper,the relation of time,space and intensity characteristics,as well as focal mechanisms of earthquakes to fault activity in Beijing area has been analyzed.A tectonic deformation model for the upper crust of this region is developed in this paper in the light of the quantitative analysis of fault activity.The results show that the earthquakes in this region are distributed mainly along the NWW direction,forming a concentration belt of earthquakes.In addition,several earthquakes of above magnitude M S 4.5occurred a-long the NE-or NEE-trending faults.These two sets of fault form a conjugate fault system,on which earth-quakes occur alternately in different active periods,and the average release rate of creep energy corre-sponds to the occurrence of one M S 4.2earthquake per year.The crust of Beijing region can be divided in-to the Yanshan,North Shanxi,Taihangshan and Central Hebei blocks,which have an irregular boundary along the NWW direction.Under the action of the NEE-directed principal compressive stress,these NWW-arranged blocks were easily activated,resulting in concentration belts of earthquake of a certain scale along block boundaries.Moreover,earthquakes of above magnitude M S 4.5occurred along the conjugated NE-or NEE-trending faults.
引文
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徐锡伟,吴为民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震〔M〕.北京:科学出版社.XUXi wei,WUWei ming,ZHANGXian kang,etal.2002.TheLatestCrustalDeformationandEarthquakesinBeijingArea〔M〕.SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊,等.1989.由大量的地震资料推断的我国大陆构造应力场〔J〕.地球物理学报,32(6):636—647.XUZhong huai,WANGSu yun,HUANGYu rui,etal.1989.ThetectonicstressfieldofChinesecontinentdeducedfromagreatnumberofearthquakes〔J〕.ChineseJournalofGeophysics,32(6):636—647(inChinese).
姚振兴,郑天愉,温联星.1997.用P波波形资料反演中强地震地震矩张量的方法〔J〕.地球物理学报,37(1):36—41.YAOZhen xing,ZHENGTian yu,WENLian xing.1997.MomenttensorinversionmethodfordeterminingtheearthquakeprocessbytheuseofP waveformdata〔J〕.ChineseJournalofGeophysics,37(1):36—41(inChinese).
张诚,曹新玲,曲克信,等.1990.中国地震震源机制〔M〕.北京:学术书刊出版社.ZHANGCheng,CAOXin ling,QUKe xin,etal.1990.FocalMechanismofEarthquakesinChina〔M〕.SciencePeriodi calPress,Beijing(inChinese).
赵仲和.1983.区域地震台网地震定位能力分析〔J〕.地震学报,5(4):467—476.ZHAOZhong he.1983.Analysisofhypocenterlocationcapabilityofaregionalseismicnetwork〔J〕.ActaSeismologicaSini ca,5(4):467—476(inChinese).
刁桂苓,张四昌,王培德,等.1999.1995年2月河北沙城地震群的震源断层〔J〕.中国地震,15(3):284—289.DIAOGui ling,ZHANGSi chang,WANGPei de.1999.SourcefaultofShachengearthquakeswarmoccurredinJuly1995,HebeiProcess〔J〕.EarthquakeResearchinChina,15(3):284—289(inChinese)
高文学,马瑾主编.1993.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害〔M〕.北京:地震出版社.GAOWen xue,MAJin.1993.Seismo geologicalBackgroundandEarthquakeHazardinBeijingArea〔M〕.SeismologcalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
傅淑芳,刘宝诚.1980.地震学教程〔M〕.北京:地震出版社.FUShu fang,LIUBao cheng.1980.IntroductiontoSeismology〔M〕.SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
李钦祖,BoltBA .1992.1979年加州凯奥蒂湖地震序列震源机制分析:美国加州地震比中国大陆地震破裂过程简单的证据〔J〕.地球物理学报,35(2):160—173.LIQin zu,BoltBA .1992.Analysisofsourcemechanismsofthe1979Coyotelakeearthquake:EvidenceforthattheruptureprocessofearthquakesinCaliforniaissimplerthanthatinChinesemainland〔J〕.ChineseJournalofGeophysics,35(2):160—173(inChinese).
梁尚鸿,李幼铭,束沛镒,等.1984.利用区域地震台网P、S振幅比资料测定小震震源参数〔J〕.地球物理学报,27(3):249—259.LIANGShang hong,LIYou ming,SHUPei yi.1984.OnthedeterminingofsourceparametersofsmallearthquakesbyusingamplituderatiosofPandSfromregionalnetworkobservations〔J〕.ChineseJournalofGeophysics,27(3):249—259(inChinese).
马林,郑斯华.1998.北京及邻近地区Moho面的深度分布及其构造意义〔J〕.中国地震,14(1):1—13.MALin,ZHENGSi hua.1998.DepthdistributionofMohodiscontinuitybeneaththeBeijinganditsadjacentarea〔J〕.Earth quakeResearchinChina,14(1):1—13(inChinese)
马杏垣主编.1989.中国岩石圈动力学地图集〔Z〕.北京:中国地图出版社.MAXing yuan(ed).1989.LithosphericDynamicsAtlasofChina〔Z〕.ChinaCartographicPublishingHouse,Beijing(inChinese).
束沛镒,李幼铭,铁安,等.1983.利用远场P波波形反演渤海地震的震源参数〔J〕.地球物理学报,26(1):31—37.SHUPei yi,LIYou ming,TIEAn,etal.1983.AninversionofthefocusparametersofBohaiearthquakesfromthetele seismicPwaveshape〔J〕.ChineseJournalofGeophysics,26(1):31—37(inChinese).
冉勇康,方仲景,段瑞涛.1998.河北矾山盆地北缘断裂八营段的古地震重复模型〔J〕.中国地震,14(1):47—58.RANYong kang,FANGZhong jing,DUANRui tao.1998.ModelforpaleoearthquakerecurrencealongBayingsegmentofthenorthmarginfaultofFanshanbasininHebeiProvince〔J〕.EarthquakeResearchinChina,14(1):47—58(inChinese).
许力生,陈运泰.1996.用经验格林函数方法从长周期数字波形中提取共和地震的震源时间函数〔J〕.地震学报,18(2):159—169.XULi sheng,CHENYun tai.1996.SourcetimefunctionsoftheGonghe,ChinaearthquakeretrievedfromlongperioddigitalwaveformdatausingempiricalGreen’sfunctiontechnique〔J〕.ActaSeismologicaSinica,18(2):159—169(inChi nese).
徐锡伟,吴为民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震〔M〕.北京:科学出版社.XUXi wei,WUWei ming,ZHANGXian kang,etal.2002.TheLatestCrustalDeformationandEarthquakesinBeijingArea〔M〕.SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊,等.1989.由大量的地震资料推断的我国大陆构造应力场〔J〕.地球物理学报,32(6):636—647.XUZhong huai,WANGSu yun,HUANGYu rui,etal.1989.ThetectonicstressfieldofChinesecontinentdeducedfromagreatnumberofearthquakes〔J〕.ChineseJournalofGeophysics,32(6):636—647(inChinese).
姚振兴,郑天愉,温联星.1997.用P波波形资料反演中强地震地震矩张量的方法〔J〕.地球物理学报,37(1):36—41.YAOZhen xing,ZHENGTian yu,WENLian xing.1997.MomenttensorinversionmethodfordeterminingtheearthquakeprocessbytheuseofP waveformdata〔J〕.ChineseJournalofGeophysics,37(1):36—41(inChinese).
张诚,曹新玲,曲克信,等.1990.中国地震震源机制〔M〕.北京:学术书刊出版社.ZHANGCheng,CAOXin ling,QUKe xin,etal.1990.FocalMechanismofEarthquakesinChina〔M〕.SciencePeriodi calPress,Beijing(inChinese).
赵仲和.1983.区域地震台网地震定位能力分析〔J〕.地震学报,5(4):467—476.ZHAOZhong he.1983.Analysisofhypocenterlocationcapabilityofaregionalseismicnetwork〔J〕.ActaSeismologicaSini ca,5(4):467—476(inChinese).
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