地震发震大尺度结构
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摘要
一次大地震发生前,地震活动在其未来震中区近处,常会表现平静。但着眼于全球大尺度规模,则可观测到颇具特色的地震活动性图像。较为普遍出现的图像是直线型与圆弧型,以及构成这些图像的主要地震事件的等间距性。本文认为大地震发震结构可以具有全球规模的大尺度,这些地震发震大尺度结构主控着大地震发震的短临进程,对认识地震成因机制具有重要意义。同时文中还给出中国近年发生的数次大震(1976唐山M7.8;2001昆仑山口西M8.1;2008汶川M8.0)前呈现的地震发震大尺度结构,很明显它们具有一定的预测意义。
Before a large earthquake,its central region usually shows some quiescence.However,as viewed from a global large scale,the seismic activity pattern does show quite distinct characteristics.Linear pattern and circular arc pattern appear more common;the events constructed from above patterns are distributed on an equal span of distance as well.It has been recognized that the tectonics associated with the earthquake generation present a large scale nature globally.These large scale tectonics related with the earthquake generation control the progress of the earthquake preparation in a short term,and are very important in understanding the mechanism of earthquakes.This paper reviews the cases that large scale tectonics related with earthquake generation show before several large earthquakes(Tongshan earthquake of M7.8,1976;Kunlun Mountain earthquake of M8.1,2001;Wenchuan earthquake of M8.0,2008) occurred in recent years in China.That gives some food for thought on earthquake predictions.
Before a large earthquake,its central region usually shows some quiescence.However,as viewed from a global large scale,the seismic activity pattern does show quite distinct characteristics.Linear pattern and circular arc pattern appear more common;the events constructed from above patterns are distributed on an equal span of distance as well.It has been recognized that the tectonics associated with the earthquake generation present a large scale nature globally.These large scale tectonics related with the earthquake generation control the progress of the earthquake preparation in a short term,and are very important in understanding the mechanism of earthquakes.This paper reviews the cases that large scale tectonics related with earthquake generation show before several large earthquakes(Tongshan earthquake of M7.8,1976;Kunlun Mountain earthquake of M8.1,2001;Wenchuan earthquake of M8.0,2008) occurred in recent years in China.That gives some food for thought on earthquake predictions.
引文
[1]许绍燮.从汶川地震震前现象认识其发震动力应具有的大尺度与深层次性[J].中国工程科学,2009,11(6):16-18.Xu Shaoxie.Engineering Science,2009,11(6):16-18.
[2]许绍燮.17世纪初泉州-琼山大震组群发生的相关性与构造特征[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(1):1-5.Xu Shaoxie.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2005,25(1):1-5.
[3]许绍燮,沈佩文.北京周围地区地震的分布特点与地壳屈曲[J].地震学报,1980,2(2):153-168.Xu Shaoxie,Shen Peiwen.Acta Seismologica Sinica,1980,2(2):153-168.
[4]胡春峰,许绍燮.地震活动与构造屈曲[J].国际地震动态,1989,11:1-7.Hu Chunfeng,Xu Shaoxie.Recent Developments in World Seismology,1989,11:1-7.
[5]安镇文,许绍燮.菱形地震活动性图象与地层屈曲[C]//邢台地震40周年学术研讨会文集.石家庄:中国地震局,河北省地震局,2006:96-98.An Zhenwen,Xu Shaoxie.Seismicity pattern with rhombus distributionand stratum buckling[C]//A Collection of Papers of Workshop on 40Years Anniversary of Haicheng Earthquake.Shijiazhuang:ChinaEarthquake Administration,Hebei Seismological Bureau,2006:96-98.
[6]许绍燮.大尺度地层内的分层运动[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(6):14-22.Xu Shaoxie.Engineering Science,2006,8(6):14-22.
[2]许绍燮.17世纪初泉州-琼山大震组群发生的相关性与构造特征[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(1):1-5.Xu Shaoxie.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2005,25(1):1-5.
[3]许绍燮,沈佩文.北京周围地区地震的分布特点与地壳屈曲[J].地震学报,1980,2(2):153-168.Xu Shaoxie,Shen Peiwen.Acta Seismologica Sinica,1980,2(2):153-168.
[4]胡春峰,许绍燮.地震活动与构造屈曲[J].国际地震动态,1989,11:1-7.Hu Chunfeng,Xu Shaoxie.Recent Developments in World Seismology,1989,11:1-7.
[5]安镇文,许绍燮.菱形地震活动性图象与地层屈曲[C]//邢台地震40周年学术研讨会文集.石家庄:中国地震局,河北省地震局,2006:96-98.An Zhenwen,Xu Shaoxie.Seismicity pattern with rhombus distributionand stratum buckling[C]//A Collection of Papers of Workshop on 40Years Anniversary of Haicheng Earthquake.Shijiazhuang:ChinaEarthquake Administration,Hebei Seismological Bureau,2006:96-98.
[6]许绍燮.大尺度地层内的分层运动[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(6):14-22.Xu Shaoxie.Engineering Science,2006,8(6):14-22.
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