地震勘探中的数据保真问题综述
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摘要
保真度是指输出结果对研究对象的描述所能保持的真实性程度,它在采集和处理过程中包含空间域、时间域和频率域三个方面的意义。对数据采集的保真要求是从早期的地震勘探就开始的,但对数据处理的保真却是现代地震勘探的要求。地震勘探的发展史就是数据的量纲级增长史。从早期的1D 勘探,到目前的3D、4D 勘探,还有3分量、9分量接收,地震数据是按量纲级增加的。这种海量的数据是精细结构和岩性信息的地震描述所需要的,在采集和处理中如果不精确考虑其保真度,确保质量,将会付出惊人的代价。从采集和处理两方面分析了作为一个系统工程的高保真问题及对现代开发地震的意义。认为数据保真应该同高分辨率勘探一样成为一个系统工程,从采集到处理成为一个连续化的整体。
Fidelity refers to degrees of reliability by which seismic output can describe objects.It is related with space, time and fre- quency involved in seismic acquisition and processing.Fidelity was demanded for seismic acquisition when early seismic ex- ploration stage but is currently demanded for seismic data pro- cessing adaptive to modern exploration. From early 1-D explo- ration to present 3-D and 4-D exploration as well as 3-C and 9-C reception,the seismic data is increasing dimensionally so that the seismic exploration is just the history of dimensionally- increasing seismic data.Such a huge capacity of seismic data is required for the seismic description of fine structure and lithology.Astonishing price would be paid if no careful atten- tion were paid to fidelity in data acquisition and processing.It is discussed that the high fidelity is significant to modern seis- mic exploration.It is suggested that the data fidelity should be as a continuous entirety,or as a systematic engineering,from acquisition to processing as the high-resolution exploration is.
Fidelity refers to degrees of reliability by which seismic output can describe objects.It is related with space, time and fre- quency involved in seismic acquisition and processing.Fidelity was demanded for seismic acquisition when early seismic ex- ploration stage but is currently demanded for seismic data pro- cessing adaptive to modern exploration. From early 1-D explo- ration to present 3-D and 4-D exploration as well as 3-C and 9-C reception,the seismic data is increasing dimensionally so that the seismic exploration is just the history of dimensionally- increasing seismic data.Such a huge capacity of seismic data is required for the seismic description of fine structure and lithology.Astonishing price would be paid if no careful atten- tion were paid to fidelity in data acquisition and processing.It is discussed that the high fidelity is significant to modern seis- mic exploration.It is suggested that the data fidelity should be as a continuous entirety,or as a systematic engineering,from acquisition to processing as the high-resolution exploration is.
引文
1 刘雯林著.油气田开发地震技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1996
2 俞寿朋.宽带 Ricker 子波石油地球物理勘探,1996(5) :605-615
3 董世学,刘启元.关于地震数据采集系统的高分辨率高保真的问题.长春地质学院学报,1995(20) :200-204
4 刘学伟,徐桂芬.高保真条件下同时提高信噪比和分辨率的研究--无噪条件下子波的带宽、高低频成分对分辨率的影响.长春地质学院学报,1997(1) :79-82
5 何汉漪.海上高分辨率地震技术及其应用.北京:地质出版社,2001
6 中国石油天然气总公司人事教育局编.野外地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,1992
7 张国建.使用爆破技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,1997
8 李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路.北京:石油工业出版社,1994
9 李霞等编译.俄罗斯地球物理勘探前沿技术文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2000
10 董世学.地震数据采集系统基本原理.北京:地质出版社,1995
11 Peter A 著;黄子齐译.陆上地震采集技术新突破.石油物探译丛,2001(1) :1-5
12 Beecrof A D,Albert S 等.地震数据记录中的制约因素.见:地质矿产部石油物探研究情报室、中国石油天然气总公司地球物理勘探局科技情报所译,美国勘探地球物理学家学会第60届年会论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,1991:68-70
13 Smuel H G 著;杨红霞译.真振幅地震偏移:三种方法的比较.石油物探译丛,1998(4) :17-25
14 Jorg S 著;张仪宁译.三维真振幅有限偏移距偏移.石油物探译丛,1994(4) :1-12
15 Ekren B O 等著;高生军,黄顺林译.真振幅频率-波数域共偏移距偏移.石油物探译丛,1999(6) :18-27
2 俞寿朋.宽带 Ricker 子波石油地球物理勘探,1996(5) :605-615
3 董世学,刘启元.关于地震数据采集系统的高分辨率高保真的问题.长春地质学院学报,1995(20) :200-204
4 刘学伟,徐桂芬.高保真条件下同时提高信噪比和分辨率的研究--无噪条件下子波的带宽、高低频成分对分辨率的影响.长春地质学院学报,1997(1) :79-82
5 何汉漪.海上高分辨率地震技术及其应用.北京:地质出版社,2001
6 中国石油天然气总公司人事教育局编.野外地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,1992
7 张国建.使用爆破技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,1997
8 李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路.北京:石油工业出版社,1994
9 李霞等编译.俄罗斯地球物理勘探前沿技术文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2000
10 董世学.地震数据采集系统基本原理.北京:地质出版社,1995
11 Peter A 著;黄子齐译.陆上地震采集技术新突破.石油物探译丛,2001(1) :1-5
12 Beecrof A D,Albert S 等.地震数据记录中的制约因素.见:地质矿产部石油物探研究情报室、中国石油天然气总公司地球物理勘探局科技情报所译,美国勘探地球物理学家学会第60届年会论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,1991:68-70
13 Smuel H G 著;杨红霞译.真振幅地震偏移:三种方法的比较.石油物探译丛,1998(4) :17-25
14 Jorg S 著;张仪宁译.三维真振幅有限偏移距偏移.石油物探译丛,1994(4) :1-12
15 Ekren B O 等著;高生军,黄顺林译.真振幅频率-波数域共偏移距偏移.石油物探译丛,1999(6) :18-27
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