井间地震反射波资料处理
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摘要
井间地震反射波资料处理可以看成是有偏VSP反射波资料处理的一种延伸。由于一对井间地震资料相当于近千个有偏VSP,加上反射角增大和频率大幅度提高(约10倍),因此,井间地震反射波资料处理有着自身的一些特点。为此,对井间地震反射波资料处理中的一些技术和问题进行了讨论。对井间地震资料进行了分析,指出井间地震资料具有反射波场较弱、频率很高、管道波能量很强等特点;介绍了井间地震资料预处理方法,从空间属性建立、数据选排(抽道集)、道编辑、频谱分析、随机噪声压制和管波等相干噪声压制诸方面进行了讨论;对井间地震资料的波场分离和成像中需要注意的几个关键性问题进行了探讨,对于井间地震资料的高频特性给噪声压制和同相叠加处理造成的困难,通过提高叠加次数予以解决,对于大反射角对同相叠加造成的影响,则采用限角叠加技术来解决。实际资料处理表明,所采用的处理技术和措施合理有效,获得的反射波剖面品质良好。
Processing of crosswell seismic reflection wave data can be re- garded as an extension of offset VSP reflection data processing. Because one crosswell seismic data equal to about one thousand VSP data and there is an increase in reflection angle and in frequency (a-bout 10 times of surface seismic), the processing of crosswell seismic reflection wave data has its own characteristic. Techniques and problems in processing crosswell seismic reflection wave data are discussed and the crosswell seismic reflection data is analyzed. The result shows that the crosswell seismic reflection data is characterized by weak reflection wave field, high frequency, and powerful energy of pipe waves. The method for preprocessing the crosswell seismic data is introduced and discussed from some coherent noise pressing aspects, such as space attribute establishing, data sorting (drawing gathering), trace editing, spectrum analyzing, random noise pressing, and tube wave pressing etc. Several key questions to which attentions should be paid during wave field separation and imaging of crosswell seismic data are discussed. Problems caused by the high frequency of crosswell seismic data in noise pressing and in-phase stacking are solved through increasing the number of superposition times and the affection of large reflection angle on in-phase stacking is settled by using the angle-limited stacking technique. The actual data processing shows that the processing techniques used and the measures taken are reasonable and effective, resulting in obtaining good reflection wave sections.
Processing of crosswell seismic reflection wave data can be re- garded as an extension of offset VSP reflection data processing. Because one crosswell seismic data equal to about one thousand VSP data and there is an increase in reflection angle and in frequency (a-bout 10 times of surface seismic), the processing of crosswell seismic reflection wave data has its own characteristic. Techniques and problems in processing crosswell seismic reflection wave data are discussed and the crosswell seismic reflection data is analyzed. The result shows that the crosswell seismic reflection data is characterized by weak reflection wave field, high frequency, and powerful energy of pipe waves. The method for preprocessing the crosswell seismic data is introduced and discussed from some coherent noise pressing aspects, such as space attribute establishing, data sorting (drawing gathering), trace editing, spectrum analyzing, random noise pressing, and tube wave pressing etc. Several key questions to which attentions should be paid during wave field separation and imaging of crosswell seismic data are discussed. Problems caused by the high frequency of crosswell seismic data in noise pressing and in-phase stacking are solved through increasing the number of superposition times and the affection of large reflection angle on in-phase stacking is settled by using the angle-limited stacking technique. The actual data processing shows that the processing techniques used and the measures taken are reasonable and effective, resulting in obtaining good reflection wave sections.
引文
1曹辉．井间地震技术发展现状[J]．勘探地球物理进展, 2002,25(6):6-10
2 Harris J M, Nolen - Hoeksema R, Rector J W, et al. High-resolution crosswell imaging of a west Texas carbonate reservoir: Part 1 - Project summary and interpretation [J]. Geophysics, 1995,60(3): 667-681
3朱光明,垂直地震剖面方法[M]．北京:石油工业出版社,1988．64-70
4曹辉,唐金良,郭全仕等．井间地震反射波场分离及应用研究[J]．石油物探,2004,43(6):518-522
5郭全仕,张卫华,黄华昌等．高精度拉冬变换方法及应用[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):622-627
6郭全仕,邬达理,唐金良等．井间地震反射波成像技术探讨[J]．石油物探,2005,44(5):439-444
2 Harris J M, Nolen - Hoeksema R, Rector J W, et al. High-resolution crosswell imaging of a west Texas carbonate reservoir: Part 1 - Project summary and interpretation [J]. Geophysics, 1995,60(3): 667-681
3朱光明,垂直地震剖面方法[M]．北京:石油工业出版社,1988．64-70
4曹辉,唐金良,郭全仕等．井间地震反射波场分离及应用研究[J]．石油物探,2004,43(6):518-522
5郭全仕,张卫华,黄华昌等．高精度拉冬变换方法及应用[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):622-627
6郭全仕,邬达理,唐金良等．井间地震反射波成像技术探讨[J]．石油物探,2005,44(5):439-444
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