花凉亭水库砂壳坝的抗震性能分析与加固研究
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摘要
经过对花凉亭水库黏土心墙砂壳坝进行地质勘察取样试验和液化分析,由于其上游坝坡砂土密实度不够,在7度地震时,水下部分可能发生液化并产生滑坡,需要进行抗震加固处理。我国目前已进行过抗震加固的土石坝不多,工程经验较少,还没有成熟的加固设计方法和技术规范。本工程应用砂土动强度试验成果,采用动力有限元分析对大坝抗震加固方案进行技术论证,并提出了帮坡压重的抗震加固方案,即在上游坝坡的水下部分抛块石帮坡压重和水上部分填筑石渣料帮坡压重,有效解决了水库蓄水条件下的大坝上游坝坡的抗震加固问题,其经验可供类似工程借鉴。
Based on experiments and liquefaction analysis on geological samples,the underwater section of the sand-shell dam with clay-filled-wall of Hualiangting Reservoir may result in liquefaction and landslide when 7-scale earthquakes happen since the sand in dam slope in the upper reaches is not compacted enough.Reinforcement measures are needed to prevent earthquake.Currently,there are few earth and rockfill dams that have been reinforced against earthquakes in china,and the engineering experience is little.Therefore,there is not available mature reinforcement design methods and technical specifications.The present project uses the results of dynamic strength of soil,employs the dynamic finite element analysis to make technical verification on earthquake resistance and reinforcement schemes of the dam,and puts forward the slope-press reinforcing scheme for earthquake resistance,i.e.,filling block stone into the underwater section of the upstream dam to press the slope and filling stone materials into the above-water section to press the slope.It efficiently solves the reinforcement issues for earthquake resistance of the dam slope in the upper reaches of dam when reservoir is impounded.Its experience may be helpful to the similar profects.
Based on experiments and liquefaction analysis on geological samples,the underwater section of the sand-shell dam with clay-filled-wall of Hualiangting Reservoir may result in liquefaction and landslide when 7-scale earthquakes happen since the sand in dam slope in the upper reaches is not compacted enough.Reinforcement measures are needed to prevent earthquake.Currently,there are few earth and rockfill dams that have been reinforced against earthquakes in china,and the engineering experience is little.Therefore,there is not available mature reinforcement design methods and technical specifications.The present project uses the results of dynamic strength of soil,employs the dynamic finite element analysis to make technical verification on earthquake resistance and reinforcement schemes of the dam,and puts forward the slope-press reinforcing scheme for earthquake resistance,i.e.,filling block stone into the underwater section of the upstream dam to press the slope and filling stone materials into the above-water section to press the slope.It efficiently solves the reinforcement issues for earthquake resistance of the dam slope in the upper reaches of dam when reservoir is impounded.Its experience may be helpful to the similar profects.
引文
[1]SL274—2001碾压式土石坝设计规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.(SL274—2001 Design code for rolled earth and rockfill dam[S].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[2]GB50287—99水利水电工程地质勘察规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.(GB50287—99 Specifications for survey of hydraulic and hydropower engineering geology[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[3]曹欣春.水库大坝安全事固防范与加固技术[M].北京:北京中软电子出版社,2003.(CAO Xin-chun.Safety prevention and reinforcement technology of dam[M].Beijing:Beijing Zhongruan Electronic Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[4]刘志明,谭界雄,高大水.我国土石坝加固技术的新进展[C]//水利水电工程安全评价与加固.武汉:长江出版社,2004.(LIU Zhi-ming,TAN Jie-xiong,GAO Da-shui.New process of reinforcement technology for earth rockfill dam in China[C]//Safety Evaluation and Reinforcement on Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering.Wuhan:Changjiang Press,2004.(in Chinese))
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[6]付磊.潮河土坝抗震加固设计[J].水利学报,2000(8):16–20.(FU Lei.Reinforcement design for earthquake resistance of Chaohe Earth Dam[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008(8):16–20.(in Chinese))
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[8]杜智勇,刘永林.柴河水库土坝上游坝体抗震除险加固技术[C]//全国病险水库与水闸加固专业技术论文集.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000.(DU Zhi-yong,LIU Yong-lin.Danger-elimination and reinforcement technology for dam body in upper reaches of Chaihe Reservoir[C]//Collected papers of danger elimination and reinforcement professional technology for national deseased reservoirs and sluices.Beijing:China Water Power Press,2000(in Chinese))
[2]GB50287—99水利水电工程地质勘察规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.(GB50287—99 Specifications for survey of hydraulic and hydropower engineering geology[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[3]曹欣春.水库大坝安全事固防范与加固技术[M].北京:北京中软电子出版社,2003.(CAO Xin-chun.Safety prevention and reinforcement technology of dam[M].Beijing:Beijing Zhongruan Electronic Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[4]刘志明,谭界雄,高大水.我国土石坝加固技术的新进展[C]//水利水电工程安全评价与加固.武汉:长江出版社,2004.(LIU Zhi-ming,TAN Jie-xiong,GAO Da-shui.New process of reinforcement technology for earth rockfill dam in China[C]//Safety Evaluation and Reinforcement on Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering.Wuhan:Changjiang Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[5]米占宽,李国英.花凉亭水库碾压式心墙坝地震安全分析研究[R].南京:南京水利科学研究院,2005.(MI Zhan-kuan,LI Guo-ying.Analysis and study on seismic safety of Hualiangting Reservoir with rolled type wall dam[R].Nanjing:Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,2005.(in Chinese))
[6]付磊.潮河土坝抗震加固设计[J].水利学报,2000(8):16–20.(FU Lei.Reinforcement design for earthquake resistance of Chaohe Earth Dam[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008(8):16–20.(in Chinese))
[7]李旺林,杜青.山东砂壳心墙坝抗震加固设计特点[C]//全国病险水库与水闸加固专业技术论文集.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.(LI Wang-lin,DU Qing.Characteristics of reinforcement design for earthquake resistance of Shandong Sand-shell Wall dam[C]//Collected papers of danger elimination and reinforcement professional technology for national deseased reservoirs and sluices.Beijing:China Water Power Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[8]杜智勇,刘永林.柴河水库土坝上游坝体抗震除险加固技术[C]//全国病险水库与水闸加固专业技术论文集.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000.(DU Zhi-yong,LIU Yong-lin.Danger-elimination and reinforcement technology for dam body in upper reaches of Chaihe Reservoir[C]//Collected papers of danger elimination and reinforcement professional technology for national deseased reservoirs and sluices.Beijing:China Water Power Press,2000(in Chinese))
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