汶川大地震“震前扰动”存在“第三类脉动”吗?
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摘要
采用国家地震台网数十台地震仪的观测资料研究了汶川大地震和昆仑山大地震的"震前扰动"现象,结果表明,"震前扰动"现象与强台风的影响密切相关,适用于英国海洋学家Higgins的海浪非线性干涉理论中的"第二类脉动".然而,通过对信号时频特征的细致分析后发现:"震前扰动"信号存在着明显的"时频偏移"现象,不完全符合"第二类脉动"的特征.因此本文认为,汶川大地震的"震前扰动"除了包含"第二类脉动"信号外,还可能存在着"第三类脉动",这对强震短临前兆的研究有重要意义.
We studied anomalous tremor before the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake and the 2001 great Kunlunshan by analyzing seismic data from stations of National Digital Seismograph Network of China.Our results show that some anomalous tremor microseismic activities are related to West Pacific Typhoons,which are the secondary microseisms that are due to the non-linear interaction of ocean waves as proposed by Longuet-Higgins.However,we found that there are time-frequency shift between microseismic signals at different site after further investigation. This anomalous feature should not belong to secondary microseismic activity.We suggest that third microseisms are likely induced during process of the secondary microseisms propagation.
We studied anomalous tremor before the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake and the 2001 great Kunlunshan by analyzing seismic data from stations of National Digital Seismograph Network of China.Our results show that some anomalous tremor microseismic activities are related to West Pacific Typhoons,which are the secondary microseisms that are due to the non-linear interaction of ocean waves as proposed by Longuet-Higgins.However,we found that there are time-frequency shift between microseismic signals at different site after further investigation. This anomalous feature should not belong to secondary microseismic activity.We suggest that third microseisms are likely induced during process of the secondary microseisms propagation.
引文
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[8] BanerjiSK.Phil.Trans.A,1930,229:287．
[9] RamirezJ E.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.1940,30:35～84．
[10] DeaconG ER,Ann N Y.Acad.1949,51:3,475．
[ll]Longuet Higgins M S.A theory of origin of microseisms[J].Philos.Trans.R.Soc.London,Ser.A,1950,243:1～35．
[12] Hasselmann K A.A stratistical analysis of the generation of microseisms[J].Rev.Geophys.,1963,(1) :177～209．
[13] Tanimoto T.Excitation of normal modes by nonlinear interaction of ocean waves.Geophys.J.Int.,2007,168:571～ 582．
[14] Tanimoto T.Excitation of microseisms[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,2007,34:L05308．
[15] Haubrich R A,Munk W H,Snodgrass F E.comparative spectra of microseisms and swell[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.1963,53(1) :27～37．
[16] Haubrich R A,McCamy K,Microseisms:Costal and pelagic sources[J].Rev.Geophys.,1969,7(3) :539～ 571．
[17] Bromirski P D,Duennebier F K.The near coastal microseism spectrum:Spatial and temporal wave climate relationships[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2002,107(B8) :2166．
[18] Bromirski P D,Duennebier F K,Stephen R A.Mid ocean microseisms[J].Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.2005,6,Q04009．
[19] Gerstoft P,Tanimoto T.A year of microseisms in southern California[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,2007,34,L20304．
[20] 郝晓光,胡小刚.“震前扰动”现象:从模糊走向清晰--对傅容珊教授商榷文章的回答[J].地球物理学报,2009,(in press).Hao X G,Hu X G.Pre earthquake tremor maze,from confusing to gradually crystal answer to the comment hy Professor Fu Rong Shang on “The short term anomalies detected by broadband seismographs before the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan China”[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,(in press).
[2] 郝晓光,胡小刚:宽带地震仪资料证实汶川大地震“震前重力扰动”[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1332～1335． Hao X G,Hu X G.Disturbance before the Wenchuan earthquake by broadband seismometer[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(4) :1332～1335．
[3] 胡小刚,郝晓光.汶川大地震宽带地震仪短临异常及成因初探[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6) :1726～1734． Hu X G,HaoX G.The short term anomalies detected by broadband seismographs before the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6) :1726～1734．
[4] 杨又陵,赵根模,高国英,等.2001年11月14日昆仑山口西 M8． 1地震前的缓慢地震事件[J].国际地震动态,2003(9) :1～4． Yang Y L,Zhao G M,Gao G Y.et al.The Slow Earthquake Event Occurring Before West to Kunlun Mountain Pass Earthquake of M_s 8． 11 on November 14,2001[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2003,9:1～4．
[5] 胡小刚,郝晓光.强台风对汶川大地震和昆仑山大地震“震前扰动”影响的分析[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5) :1363～1375． Hu X G,Hao X G.An analysis of the influences of typhoon Rammasun and LingLing on anomaly tremors before the great Wenchuan and Kunlunshan earthquakes[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5) :1363～1375．
[6] 胡小刚,郝晓光.2009年3月19日Mw7． 6级汤加大地震的“震前扰动”现象[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(3) :866～870． Hu X G,HaoX G.Observation of fore-seismic disturbance of the 2009/03/19 Mw7． 6 Tonga earthquake[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(3) :866～870．
[7] Liu C C,Alan T,Linde & I.Selwyn Sacks,Slow earthquakes triggered by typhoons,Nature.2009,459:833～836．
[8] BanerjiSK.Phil.Trans.A,1930,229:287．
[9] RamirezJ E.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.1940,30:35～84．
[10] DeaconG ER,Ann N Y.Acad.1949,51:3,475．
[ll]Longuet Higgins M S.A theory of origin of microseisms[J].Philos.Trans.R.Soc.London,Ser.A,1950,243:1～35．
[12] Hasselmann K A.A stratistical analysis of the generation of microseisms[J].Rev.Geophys.,1963,(1) :177～209．
[13] Tanimoto T.Excitation of normal modes by nonlinear interaction of ocean waves.Geophys.J.Int.,2007,168:571～ 582．
[14] Tanimoto T.Excitation of microseisms[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,2007,34:L05308．
[15] Haubrich R A,Munk W H,Snodgrass F E.comparative spectra of microseisms and swell[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.1963,53(1) :27～37．
[16] Haubrich R A,McCamy K,Microseisms:Costal and pelagic sources[J].Rev.Geophys.,1969,7(3) :539～ 571．
[17] Bromirski P D,Duennebier F K.The near coastal microseism spectrum:Spatial and temporal wave climate relationships[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2002,107(B8) :2166．
[18] Bromirski P D,Duennebier F K,Stephen R A.Mid ocean microseisms[J].Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.2005,6,Q04009．
[19] Gerstoft P,Tanimoto T.A year of microseisms in southern California[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,2007,34,L20304．
[20] 郝晓光,胡小刚.“震前扰动”现象:从模糊走向清晰--对傅容珊教授商榷文章的回答[J].地球物理学报,2009,(in press).Hao X G,Hu X G.Pre earthquake tremor maze,from confusing to gradually crystal answer to the comment hy Professor Fu Rong Shang on “The short term anomalies detected by broadband seismographs before the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan China”[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,(in press).
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