汶川地震路基震害分析及对抗震规范改进的启示
|
摘要
利用汶川地震的大批近场实震资料,对促进铁路、公路抗震设计规范的发展具有重要的科学意义和应用价值.对汶川地震近场区路基震害进行了调查,主要以2005年竣工的都江堰至映秀的三级公路为例,分析了路堤工程、路肩墙和路堑墙的震害模式.研究表明:在常用支挡工程类型中,桩板式挡墙的抗震性能最优,其次为混凝土挡墙,浆砌片石挡墙最差;按现行铁路抗震设计规范,对汶川地震9～10度烈度区的挡土墙进行了稳定性检算,抗滑动稳定安全系数的计算结果与宏观震害情况基本一致;土工格栅加固措施可有效地提高路堤工程的抗震能力.此外,从对现行规范技术框架进行延展和更新2个层面,论述了汶川地震对路基工程抗震设计规范发展的推动作用,并特别指出,汶川地震9度以上近场地震资料以及高等级公路中新型支挡工程、路堤加固工程的实震资料,提供了填补现行规范空白的罕有条件.
It is important and imperative to improve the current seismic design codes of railway and highway by applying the near-field data in the Wenchuan earthquake. Through a recent survey in the near-fault area,especially Dujiangyan to Yingxiu section of state route No.213,a third-grade highway built in 2005,the seismic failure types and causes of subgrade engineering in the earthquake,including embankment,shoulder retaining wall and cutting retaining wall,were summarized and analyzed. The primary results involve:from the viewpoint of seismic prevention,the pile-plank retaining wall is optimal,the concrete retaining wall ranks second,and the mortar flagstone retaining wall is the poorest; in the regions with a seismic intensity of 9 to 10 degree,the stability of retaining walls was checked and calculated using the current railway seismic design code. The result shows that the safety factor of anti-sliding stability is basically consistent with the macro-seismic damage,the geotechnical grille reinforcement can improve the seismic capacity of embankment projects effectively. Furthermore,from the extension and renewal aspects,the pushing effect of the Wenchuan earthquake on the development of seismic design code of subgrade engineering was discussed. Finally,it was emphasized especially that the firsthand data from seismic intensity above 9 degree and from new types of subgrade engineering provide a rare condition for filling the gaps in the current code.
It is important and imperative to improve the current seismic design codes of railway and highway by applying the near-field data in the Wenchuan earthquake. Through a recent survey in the near-fault area,especially Dujiangyan to Yingxiu section of state route No.213,a third-grade highway built in 2005,the seismic failure types and causes of subgrade engineering in the earthquake,including embankment,shoulder retaining wall and cutting retaining wall,were summarized and analyzed. The primary results involve:from the viewpoint of seismic prevention,the pile-plank retaining wall is optimal,the concrete retaining wall ranks second,and the mortar flagstone retaining wall is the poorest; in the regions with a seismic intensity of 9 to 10 degree,the stability of retaining walls was checked and calculated using the current railway seismic design code. The result shows that the safety factor of anti-sliding stability is basically consistent with the macro-seismic damage,the geotechnical grille reinforcement can improve the seismic capacity of embankment projects effectively. Furthermore,from the extension and renewal aspects,the pushing effect of the Wenchuan earthquake on the development of seismic design code of subgrade engineering was discussed. Finally,it was emphasized especially that the firsthand data from seismic intensity above 9 degree and from new types of subgrade engineering provide a rare condition for filling the gaps in the current code.
引文
[1]中国工程建设标准协会.CECS160-2004建筑工程抗震性态设计通则(试用)[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2004.
[2]铁道第一勘察设计院.GB50111-2006铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2006.
[3]交通部公路规划设计院.JTJ004-89公路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1999.
[4]中交第二公路勘察设计研究院.JTGD30-2004公路路基设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[5]《汶川地震灾害地图集》编纂委员会.汶川地震灾害地图集[M].成都:成都地图出版社,2008:70-71.
[6]雷建成,高孟潭,俞言祥.四川及邻区地震动衰减关系[J].地震学报,2007,29(5):500-511.LEI Jiancheng,GAO Mengtan,Y Yanxiang,Seismic motion attenuation relations in Sichuan and adjacent areas[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2007,29(5):500-511.
[7]吴伟,姚令侃,陈强.坡形和加筋措施对地震响应影响的振动台模型实验研究[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2008,27(5):689-694.WU Wei,YAO Lingkan,CHEN Qiang.Study on influence of shape and reinforced measures on seismic response in large-scale shaking table model tests[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University:Natural Science,2008,27(5):689-694.
[8]姚令侃,陈强.5.12汶川地震对线路工程抗震技术提出的新课题[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):43-50.YAO Lingkan,CHEN Qiang.New research subjects on earthquake resistant techniques of line engineering extracted from5.12Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):43-50.
[2]铁道第一勘察设计院.GB50111-2006铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2006.
[3]交通部公路规划设计院.JTJ004-89公路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1999.
[4]中交第二公路勘察设计研究院.JTGD30-2004公路路基设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[5]《汶川地震灾害地图集》编纂委员会.汶川地震灾害地图集[M].成都:成都地图出版社,2008:70-71.
[6]雷建成,高孟潭,俞言祥.四川及邻区地震动衰减关系[J].地震学报,2007,29(5):500-511.LEI Jiancheng,GAO Mengtan,Y Yanxiang,Seismic motion attenuation relations in Sichuan and adjacent areas[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2007,29(5):500-511.
[7]吴伟,姚令侃,陈强.坡形和加筋措施对地震响应影响的振动台模型实验研究[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2008,27(5):689-694.WU Wei,YAO Lingkan,CHEN Qiang.Study on influence of shape and reinforced measures on seismic response in large-scale shaking table model tests[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University:Natural Science,2008,27(5):689-694.
[8]姚令侃,陈强.5.12汶川地震对线路工程抗震技术提出的新课题[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):43-50.YAO Lingkan,CHEN Qiang.New research subjects on earthquake resistant techniques of line engineering extracted from5.12Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):43-50.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心