青藏高原典型多年冻土场地地面脉动特征
摘要
通过对青藏高原典型多年冻土场地地面脉动的现场测试,分析研究该地区冻土场地地面脉动的频谱特性、卓越频率随多年冻土地温分区、上限深度的变化特征以及多年冻土区与典型融土区场地地面脉动卓越频率的差异。地面脉动一定程度上反映了场地浅层土体的宏观动力特性,这种特性与场地土体强度特征相联系。研究结果表明,青藏高原多年冻土区场地地面脉动频谱曲线呈现出较为显著的单主峰特征,其垂向分量的卓越频率为3.3～4.8 Hz,水平分量的卓越频率为2.3～4.7 Hz;多年冻土区场地地面脉动垂向分量的卓越频率值与冻土场地多年冻土上限深度和地温有较好的对应关系,垂向分量的卓越频率随地温升高而降低,随多年冻土上限抬升而增大;多年冻土区与典型融土区(西部黄土地区)场地地面脉动卓越频率的量值范围差异明显,前者卓越频率范围较窄而后者较宽,且总体上前者地面脉动卓越频率值大于后者。
Based on microseism tests at the typical permafrost sites along the Qinghai—Tibet Railway,the characteristics of frequency spectra of the permafrost sites are determined.The changes of the predominant frequencies with ground temperatures and permafrost tables,and the differences in frequency spectra between permafrost sites and loess sites are analyzed.Statistical curves of frequency spectra by Fourier analysis at these typical permafrost sites in the plateau are the shapes with single dominant peak value.The predominant frequencies of microseism′s vertical components are between 3.3 Hz and 4.8 Hz;and the horizontal predominant frequencies are between 2.3 Hz and 4.7 Hz.The microseism is a macroreaction of lithologic characteristics,especially physico-mechanical features of those shallow strata,which depends on the strength of permafrost sites;and it will be changed with the ground temperatures and permafrost tables.Analytical results show that the predominant frequencies of microseism′s vertical components are correlated with ground temperatures and permafrost tables at the permafrost sites:the higher the ground temperature is,the lower the vertical predominant frequency is;the higher the permafrost table is,the greater the vertical predominant frequency is.It indicates that there is a close relation between predominant frequencies and the strengths of permafrost sites.Moreover,a comparative result of microseism′s predominant frequencies in permafrost sites and loess sites reveals that there is an obvious difference in predominant frequencies of microseism between the two different areas:the ranges of predominant frequencies at the permafrost sites are narrower than those of the loess sites;and there is a higher value of predominant frequency of microseism in the permafrost sites.
Based on microseism tests at the typical permafrost sites along the Qinghai—Tibet Railway,the characteristics of frequency spectra of the permafrost sites are determined.The changes of the predominant frequencies with ground temperatures and permafrost tables,and the differences in frequency spectra between permafrost sites and loess sites are analyzed.Statistical curves of frequency spectra by Fourier analysis at these typical permafrost sites in the plateau are the shapes with single dominant peak value.The predominant frequencies of microseism′s vertical components are between 3.3 Hz and 4.8 Hz;and the horizontal predominant frequencies are between 2.3 Hz and 4.7 Hz.The microseism is a macroreaction of lithologic characteristics,especially physico-mechanical features of those shallow strata,which depends on the strength of permafrost sites;and it will be changed with the ground temperatures and permafrost tables.Analytical results show that the predominant frequencies of microseism′s vertical components are correlated with ground temperatures and permafrost tables at the permafrost sites:the higher the ground temperature is,the lower the vertical predominant frequency is;the higher the permafrost table is,the greater the vertical predominant frequency is.It indicates that there is a close relation between predominant frequencies and the strengths of permafrost sites.Moreover,a comparative result of microseism′s predominant frequencies in permafrost sites and loess sites reveals that there is an obvious difference in predominant frequencies of microseism between the two different areas:the ranges of predominant frequencies at the permafrost sites are narrower than those of the loess sites;and there is a higher value of predominant frequency of microseism in the permafrost sites.
引文
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[11]陶夏新,刘曾武,郭明珠,等.工程场地条件评定中的地脉动研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(4):18–23.(TAO Xiaxin,LIU Zengwu,GUO Mingzhu,et al.A review of microtremor study in engineering site rating[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(4):18–23.(in Chinese))
[12]彭远黔,路正,李雪英,等.场地脉动卓越周期在工程抗震中的应用[J].华北地震科学,2000,18(4):61–68.(PENG Yuanqian,LU Zheng,LI Xueying,et al.Application of the pulsate predominant period to subsoil in engineering seismics[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,2000,18(4):61–68.(in Chinese))
[13]郭明珠,谢礼立,高尔根,等.利用地脉动进行场地反应分析研究综述[J].世界地震工程,1999,15(3):14–19.(GUO Mingzhu,XIE Lili,GAO Ergen,et al.Review for analysis of site response by microtremos[J].World Earthquake Engineering,1999,15(3):14–19.(in Chinese))
[14]蒋通.脉动的研究及其在地震工程中的应用[J].世界地震工程,1997,13(4):41–46.(JIANG Tong.Study on microseism and its application to earthquake engineering[J].World Earthquake Engineering,1997,13(4):41–46.(in Chinese))
[15]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB/T 50269–97地基动力特性测试规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1997.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.GB/T50269–97 Testing code of embankment dynamic characteristic[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[16]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.CSCS74:95场地微振动测量技术规程[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1996.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.CSCS74:95 Technical test code of site microseism[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1996.(in Chinese))
[17]冶金工业部建筑研究总院工程抗震研究室.九国抗震设计规范汇编[M].北京:地震出版社,1982.(Engineering Aseismic Department of Building Science and Research Academy,Ministry of Metallurgical Industry.Proceedings of aseismic design codes in nine countries[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1982.(in Chinese))
[18]林宗元.岩土工程勘察设计手册[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1996.(LIN Zongyuan.Geotechnical investigation and design manual[M].Shenyang:Liaoning Science and Technology Press,1996.(in Chinese))
[19]齐吉琳,李海鹏,赖远明,等.季节冻土场地上的地脉动特征[J].冰川冻土,2004,26(4):449–453.(QI Jilin,LI Haipeng,LAI Yuanming,et al.Characteristics of micro-tremor in seasonally frozen ground[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2004,26(4):449–453.(in Chinese))
[20]吴青柏,朱元林,施斌.工程活动下的冻土环境研究[J].冰川冻土,2001,23(2):200–207.(WU Qingbai,ZHU Yuanlin,SHI Bin.Study on frozen soil environment related to engineering activities[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2001,23(2):200–207.(in Chinese))
[21]吴志坚.青藏铁路冻土区路基稳定性研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2005.(WU Zhijian.Study on embankment stability of permafrost of Qinghai—Tibet Railway[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Graduate School,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2005.(in Chinese))
[22]潘卫东,朱元林,吴亚平,等.青藏高原多年冻土地区不良冻土现象对铁路建设的影响[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(1):127–131.(PAN Weidong,ZHU Yuanlin,WU Yaping,et al.Effect of harmful features related to frozen ground on railway construction in permafrost area of Qinghai—Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2002,38(1):127–131.(in Chinese))
[23]王兰民.黄土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2003.(WANG Lanmin.Dynamics of loess[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[24]石玉成.黄土场地的脉动特征及地震工程意义[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2001,37(5):105–110.(SHI Yucheng.Microtremors characteristics of loess site and their application to earthquake engineering[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2001,37(5):105–110.(in Chinese))
[2]程国栋,李培基,张祥松,等.气候变化对中国积雪、冰川和冻土的影响评估[M].兰州:甘肃文化出版社,1997.(CHENG Guodong,LI Peiji,ZHANG Xiangsong,et al.Evaluation about influence on snow cover,glacier and permafrost of China by climate changing[M].Lanzhou:Gansu Culture Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[3]王绍令,罗祥瑞,郭鹏飞.青藏高原东部冻土分布特征[J].冰川冻土,1991,13(2):131–140.(WANG Shaoling,LUO Xiangrui,GUO Pengfei.Distributive characteristics of frozen ground in East Qinghai—Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1991,13(2):131–140.(in Chinese))
[4]董治平,雷芳,董雷,等.青藏铁路环境与地震灾害[J].工程地球物理学报,2004,1(3):231–237.(DONG Zhiping,LEI Fang,DONG Lei,et al.Environment of the Qinghai—Tibet railway and its earthquake disaster[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2004,1(3):231–237.(in Chinese))
[5]徐纪人,赵志新.青藏高原及其周围地区区域应力场与构造运动特征[J].中国地质,2006,33(2):275–285.(XU Jiren,ZHAO Zhixin.Characteristics of the regional stress field and tectonic movement on the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau and in its surrounding areas[J].Chinese Geology,2006,33(2):275–285.(in Chinese))
[6]吴志坚,孙军杰,王兰民,等.青藏铁路沿线冻土场地地震动特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2 466–2 472.(WU Zhijian,SUN Junjie,WANG Lanmin,et al.Study on characteristics of ground motion at permafrost sites along Qinghai—Tibet Railway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2 466–2 472.(in Chinese))
[7]高峰,陈兴冲,严松宏.季节性冻土和多年冻土对场地地震反应的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(8):1 639–1 644.(GAO Feng,CHEN Xingchong,YAN Songhong.Influence of permafrost and seasonally frozen soil on seismic responses of sites[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(8):1 639–1 644.(in Chinese))
[8]王丽霞,凌贤长,徐学燕,等.多年冻土场地路基地震加速度反应谱特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1 330–1 335.(WANG Lixia,LING Xianchang,XU Xueyan,et al.Study on response spectrum characteristics of earthquake acceleration for roadbed on permafrost site[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1 330–1 335.(in Chinese))
[9]徐学燕,徐春华,李晓稚.冻土场地地震加速度反应谱研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(6):680–683.(XU Xueyan,XU Chunhua,LI Xiaozhi.Research on earthquake acceleration response spectrum of frozen soil ground[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(6):680–683.(in Chinese))
[10]陆鸣,李小军.青藏铁路四座主要桥梁工程场地地震安全性评价报告[R].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程地震研究中心,2001.(LU Ming,LI Xiaojun.Report of seismic security estimation on engineering site of four bridges in Qinghai—Tibet Railway[R].Harbin:Research Center of Seismic Engineering,China Earthquake Administration,2001.(in Chinese))
[11]陶夏新,刘曾武,郭明珠,等.工程场地条件评定中的地脉动研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(4):18–23.(TAO Xiaxin,LIU Zengwu,GUO Mingzhu,et al.A review of microtremor study in engineering site rating[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(4):18–23.(in Chinese))
[12]彭远黔,路正,李雪英,等.场地脉动卓越周期在工程抗震中的应用[J].华北地震科学,2000,18(4):61–68.(PENG Yuanqian,LU Zheng,LI Xueying,et al.Application of the pulsate predominant period to subsoil in engineering seismics[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,2000,18(4):61–68.(in Chinese))
[13]郭明珠,谢礼立,高尔根,等.利用地脉动进行场地反应分析研究综述[J].世界地震工程,1999,15(3):14–19.(GUO Mingzhu,XIE Lili,GAO Ergen,et al.Review for analysis of site response by microtremos[J].World Earthquake Engineering,1999,15(3):14–19.(in Chinese))
[14]蒋通.脉动的研究及其在地震工程中的应用[J].世界地震工程,1997,13(4):41–46.(JIANG Tong.Study on microseism and its application to earthquake engineering[J].World Earthquake Engineering,1997,13(4):41–46.(in Chinese))
[15]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB/T 50269–97地基动力特性测试规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1997.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.GB/T50269–97 Testing code of embankment dynamic characteristic[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[16]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.CSCS74:95场地微振动测量技术规程[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1996.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.CSCS74:95 Technical test code of site microseism[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1996.(in Chinese))
[17]冶金工业部建筑研究总院工程抗震研究室.九国抗震设计规范汇编[M].北京:地震出版社,1982.(Engineering Aseismic Department of Building Science and Research Academy,Ministry of Metallurgical Industry.Proceedings of aseismic design codes in nine countries[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1982.(in Chinese))
[18]林宗元.岩土工程勘察设计手册[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1996.(LIN Zongyuan.Geotechnical investigation and design manual[M].Shenyang:Liaoning Science and Technology Press,1996.(in Chinese))
[19]齐吉琳,李海鹏,赖远明,等.季节冻土场地上的地脉动特征[J].冰川冻土,2004,26(4):449–453.(QI Jilin,LI Haipeng,LAI Yuanming,et al.Characteristics of micro-tremor in seasonally frozen ground[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2004,26(4):449–453.(in Chinese))
[20]吴青柏,朱元林,施斌.工程活动下的冻土环境研究[J].冰川冻土,2001,23(2):200–207.(WU Qingbai,ZHU Yuanlin,SHI Bin.Study on frozen soil environment related to engineering activities[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2001,23(2):200–207.(in Chinese))
[21]吴志坚.青藏铁路冻土区路基稳定性研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2005.(WU Zhijian.Study on embankment stability of permafrost of Qinghai—Tibet Railway[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Graduate School,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2005.(in Chinese))
[22]潘卫东,朱元林,吴亚平,等.青藏高原多年冻土地区不良冻土现象对铁路建设的影响[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(1):127–131.(PAN Weidong,ZHU Yuanlin,WU Yaping,et al.Effect of harmful features related to frozen ground on railway construction in permafrost area of Qinghai—Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2002,38(1):127–131.(in Chinese))
[23]王兰民.黄土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2003.(WANG Lanmin.Dynamics of loess[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[24]石玉成.黄土场地的脉动特征及地震工程意义[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2001,37(5):105–110.(SHI Yucheng.Microtremors characteristics of loess site and their application to earthquake engineering[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2001,37(5):105–110.(in Chinese))
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