火山灾害及减灾措施

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英文篇名：Volcanic Disasters and Mitigation Measures 中文刊名：国际地震动态 英文刊名：RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN WORLD SEISMOLOGY 作者：陈培善 ; 白彤霞 英文作者：Chen Peishan and Bai Tongxia (Institute of Geophysics ; CSB ; Beijing ; 100081) 中文关键词：火山灾害 ; 减灾 ; 火山监测 ; 火山喷发预报 英文关键词：volcanic disaster ; hazard mitigation ; volcanic eruption prediction ; volcanic monitoring 出版日期：1999-02-25 机构：中国地震局地球物理研究所 年：1999 期：02 出版单位：国际地震动态

摘要

火山能产生多种灾害。火山喷发能够产生破坏性的岩浆流、火山碎屑和气体的高速崩塌流；大量的火山灰云可漂浮至几百千米远，严重影响喷气式飞机的飞行，危害人体健康并造成财产损失。即使火山不喷发，在火山区也可能产生巨大的、毁灭性的火山泥流、危害性气体及酸雨。但是火山灾害是可以预测的，其主要的监测预报手段是地震学和地形变。世界上已有不少火山预测成功的例子，本文列举了其中８个实例
Volcanoes can produce many kinds of hazards Volcanic eruption can generate destructive lava flows,high speed avalanches of hot volcanic debris and gasses Huge volcanic ash clouds would drift handreds of kilometers,seriously endanger the flight of jet aircrafts and people′s health,besides causing property losses Even if there is no volcanic eruption,giant devastating mud flows,harmful gasses and acid rain may be produced in volcanic regions But volcanic hazards can be predicted mainly by means of seismic monitoring and ground deformation measurement There are a lot of examples for successful predictions of volcanic eruptions,eight of them are given in this paper

引文

1HoblitRP，WalderJS，DriedgerCL，etal．VolcanohazardsfromMountRainier．USGSOpen－fileRe－port．1995：95～2732ScotKM，ValanceJW．Debrisflow，debrisavalancheandfloodhazardsatanddownstreamfromMountRainier．USGSHydrologicAtlas．1995：HA－7293USGS．VolcanicandseismichazardsontheIslandofHawai．USGovernmentPrintingOfice，1997