引潮力与潮汐应力对强震触发的研究
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摘要
本文讨论了在构造应力水平达到岩石破裂临界值时引潮力、潮汐附加应力的动态变化与地震序列之间的关系,选用了中国大陆1970年以来7级以上地震序列资料,分析了引潮力水平分量动态变化与强震发震时间之间的关系,结果显示在一定时空范围内前震、主震及余震序列发震时刻的引潮力存在优势方向,多数地震发震时刻与选取时段引潮力水平分量的方位角相位比平均值仅为35%;对于构造复杂地区,结果显示引潮力水平分量的方位角不仅存在一个优势方向,还明显存在其他优势方向,可能与发震构造有关.根据1966~1976年中国九大地震震源机制解计算潮汐正应力和滑动方向的剪应力及其变化率,结果显示多数地震发震时刻潮汐剪应力接近最大值.
This paper focuses on the relationship between seismic sequences and dynamic changes of tidal force and additional tidal stress when geological structure stress reached the critical value of rock failure. Some earthquakes above M_s 7.0 and their seismic sequences in Chinese mainland since 1970 were selected to analyze the relationship between dynamic changes of horizontal tidal force and large earthquakes occurrence. The result showed that the tidal force had an advantage azimuth range at the times of foreshocks, main shocks and aftershocks in certain spatiotemporal range. The average phase ratio of the azimuth range of horizontal tidal force at the time of triggered earthquakes was only 35% of total azimuth ranges in the chosen period. For some complex structural areas, there might be more than one advantage range of azimuth, which was related to seismogenic structure probably. According to focal mechanisms of 9 great earthquakes in China from 1966 to 1976, tidal normal stress, shear stress and their change rates in slip orientation were calculated. The results showed that the tidal shear stress were nearly of their maximal value at the moment of earthquake occurrence.
This paper focuses on the relationship between seismic sequences and dynamic changes of tidal force and additional tidal stress when geological structure stress reached the critical value of rock failure. Some earthquakes above M_s 7.0 and their seismic sequences in Chinese mainland since 1970 were selected to analyze the relationship between dynamic changes of horizontal tidal force and large earthquakes occurrence. The result showed that the tidal force had an advantage azimuth range at the times of foreshocks, main shocks and aftershocks in certain spatiotemporal range. The average phase ratio of the azimuth range of horizontal tidal force at the time of triggered earthquakes was only 35% of total azimuth ranges in the chosen period. For some complex structural areas, there might be more than one advantage range of azimuth, which was related to seismogenic structure probably. According to focal mechanisms of 9 great earthquakes in China from 1966 to 1976, tidal normal stress, shear stress and their change rates in slip orientation were calculated. The results showed that the tidal shear stress were nearly of their maximal value at the moment of earthquake occurrence.
引文
[1]Heaton T H.Tidal triggering of earthquakes.Geophys.J R.Astr.Soc.,1975,43(2):307~326
[2]杜品仁.潮汐与地震关系初探.地震科学研究,1981,1:14~20Du P R.Primary study on the relationship between earth tide and earthquakes.Earthquake Scientific Research(in Chinese),1981,1:14~20
[3]高锡铭,殷志山,王威中等.固体潮应力张量对地震的触发作用.地震学报,1981,3(3):264~275Gao X M,Yin Z S,Wang WZ,et al.Triggering of earthquakes by the tidal stress tensor.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1981,3(3):264~275
[4]李延兴,许力生,胡新康等.日月对孕震区的水平引潮力与震源机制的关系.地震,2001,21(1):2~6Li Y X,Xu L S,Hu X K,et al.Relation between the horizontal tide force whichthe sun and moon imposes on the seismogenic zone and the forcal mechanism.Earthquake(in Chinese),2001,21(1):2~6
[5]Zhao J.Relationship between the variation of lunisolar tidal force and earthquakes in Taiwan.J.Natural Disasters(in Chinese),2001,10(3):64~67
[6]韩延本,李志安,田静.日、月引潮力变化与某些地区地震发生时间的相关研究.地球物理学进展,1996,11(2):114~122Han Y B,Li Z A,Tian J.Research of relationship between occurrence time of earthquakes and solar lunar tidal force in some area of China.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),1996,11(2):114~122
[7]黎凯武.1966-1976年华北地震的时间特征及相关触发因素.地震,2000,20(1):59~65Li K W.Earthrotationandtriggeringof tidal-generatingforceforthe strong earthquakes in North China.Earthquake(in Chinese),2000,20(1):59~65
[8]赵娟,韩延本,李志安.日月引潮力与华北地区的地震.地球物理学报,1999,42(增):24~29Zhao J,Han YB,Li Z A.Variation of lunisolar tidal force andthe earthquakes in North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(Suppl.):24~29
[9]陈荣华.引潮力对显著地震的触发作用与大震关系及在雅江地震预报中的应用.地震,2003,23(1):53~56Chen R H.Relation before tidal force triggering of significant shocks and the large earthquake and its application in the prediction of Yajiang earthquake.Earthquake(in Chinese),2003,23(1):53~56
[10]吴小平,黄雍,冒蔚等.云南地震的潮汐应力触发机制及相关天体位置图像.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):574~583Wu X P,Huang Y,Mao W,et al.Tidal stress triggering mechanismof earthquakes in Yunnan and related patterns celestial body positions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):574~583
[11]郗钦文,侯天航.固体潮汐与引潮常数.中国地震,1986,2(2):30~41Xi Q W,Hou T H.Earth tides and generating tide constants.Earthquake Researchin China(in Chinese),1986,2(2):30~41
[12]郗钦文.固体潮理论值计算.地球物理学报,1982,25(增):632~643Xi Q W.Acalculation of theoretical value of earth tides.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1982,25(Suppl.):632~643
[13]郗钦文.精密引潮位展开及某些诠释.地球物理学报,1991,34(2):182~194Xi Q W.Precise development of the tidal generating potential and some explanatory notes.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1991,34(2):182~194
[14]郝平,傅征祥,田勤俭等.1970年通海7.7级大地震强余震触发.地震,2004,24(2):38~46Hao P,Fu Z X,Tian QJ,et al.The stress triggering of large aftershocks followingthe1970Tonghai great earthquake(M=7.7).Earthquake(in Chinese),2004,24(2):38~46
[15]国家地震局《一九七六年唐山地震》编辑组.一九七六年唐山地震.北京:地震出版社,1982The group editor of the Tangshan Earthquake.The Tangshan Earthquake28July,1976(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1982
[16]Gomberg J.Stress/strain changes and triggered seismicity following theMW7.3Landers,California,earthquake.J.Geophys.Res.,1996,101:751~764
[17]万永革,吴忠良,周公威等.几次复杂地震中不同破裂事件之间的“应力触发”问题.地震学报,2000,22(6):568~576Wan Y G,Wu Z L,Zou G W,et al.“Stress triggering”between different rupture events in several earthquakes.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2000,22(6):568~576
[18]刘桂萍,傅征祥.1973年炉霍大地震(Ms=7.6)最大余震(Ms=6.3)的库仑破裂应力触发.中国地震,2002,18(2):175~182Liu GP,Fu Z X.Thetriggering mechanismof thelargest aftershock(Ms=6.3)of the1973Luhuo great earthquake(Ms=7.6).Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),2002,18(2):175~182
[19]马宗晋,傅征祥,张郢珍等.1966~1976年中国九大地震.北京:地震出版社,1982Ma ZJ,Fu Z X,Zhang Z Z,et al.The Nine Strong Earthquakesin China during1966~1976(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1982
[20]杨林章,何世海,郗钦文等.用潮汐体应变加卸载响应比研究岩石弹性性质的变化.中国地震,1994,10(增):90~94Yang L Z,He S H,Xi Q W,et al.Study on the variation of the property of rock elasticity byloading and unloadingresponse ratio of tidal volume strain.Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),1994,10(Suppl.):90~94
[2]杜品仁.潮汐与地震关系初探.地震科学研究,1981,1:14~20Du P R.Primary study on the relationship between earth tide and earthquakes.Earthquake Scientific Research(in Chinese),1981,1:14~20
[3]高锡铭,殷志山,王威中等.固体潮应力张量对地震的触发作用.地震学报,1981,3(3):264~275Gao X M,Yin Z S,Wang WZ,et al.Triggering of earthquakes by the tidal stress tensor.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1981,3(3):264~275
[4]李延兴,许力生,胡新康等.日月对孕震区的水平引潮力与震源机制的关系.地震,2001,21(1):2~6Li Y X,Xu L S,Hu X K,et al.Relation between the horizontal tide force whichthe sun and moon imposes on the seismogenic zone and the forcal mechanism.Earthquake(in Chinese),2001,21(1):2~6
[5]Zhao J.Relationship between the variation of lunisolar tidal force and earthquakes in Taiwan.J.Natural Disasters(in Chinese),2001,10(3):64~67
[6]韩延本,李志安,田静.日、月引潮力变化与某些地区地震发生时间的相关研究.地球物理学进展,1996,11(2):114~122Han Y B,Li Z A,Tian J.Research of relationship between occurrence time of earthquakes and solar lunar tidal force in some area of China.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),1996,11(2):114~122
[7]黎凯武.1966-1976年华北地震的时间特征及相关触发因素.地震,2000,20(1):59~65Li K W.Earthrotationandtriggeringof tidal-generatingforceforthe strong earthquakes in North China.Earthquake(in Chinese),2000,20(1):59~65
[8]赵娟,韩延本,李志安.日月引潮力与华北地区的地震.地球物理学报,1999,42(增):24~29Zhao J,Han YB,Li Z A.Variation of lunisolar tidal force andthe earthquakes in North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(Suppl.):24~29
[9]陈荣华.引潮力对显著地震的触发作用与大震关系及在雅江地震预报中的应用.地震,2003,23(1):53~56Chen R H.Relation before tidal force triggering of significant shocks and the large earthquake and its application in the prediction of Yajiang earthquake.Earthquake(in Chinese),2003,23(1):53~56
[10]吴小平,黄雍,冒蔚等.云南地震的潮汐应力触发机制及相关天体位置图像.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):574~583Wu X P,Huang Y,Mao W,et al.Tidal stress triggering mechanismof earthquakes in Yunnan and related patterns celestial body positions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):574~583
[11]郗钦文,侯天航.固体潮汐与引潮常数.中国地震,1986,2(2):30~41Xi Q W,Hou T H.Earth tides and generating tide constants.Earthquake Researchin China(in Chinese),1986,2(2):30~41
[12]郗钦文.固体潮理论值计算.地球物理学报,1982,25(增):632~643Xi Q W.Acalculation of theoretical value of earth tides.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1982,25(Suppl.):632~643
[13]郗钦文.精密引潮位展开及某些诠释.地球物理学报,1991,34(2):182~194Xi Q W.Precise development of the tidal generating potential and some explanatory notes.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1991,34(2):182~194
[14]郝平,傅征祥,田勤俭等.1970年通海7.7级大地震强余震触发.地震,2004,24(2):38~46Hao P,Fu Z X,Tian QJ,et al.The stress triggering of large aftershocks followingthe1970Tonghai great earthquake(M=7.7).Earthquake(in Chinese),2004,24(2):38~46
[15]国家地震局《一九七六年唐山地震》编辑组.一九七六年唐山地震.北京:地震出版社,1982The group editor of the Tangshan Earthquake.The Tangshan Earthquake28July,1976(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1982
[16]Gomberg J.Stress/strain changes and triggered seismicity following theMW7.3Landers,California,earthquake.J.Geophys.Res.,1996,101:751~764
[17]万永革,吴忠良,周公威等.几次复杂地震中不同破裂事件之间的“应力触发”问题.地震学报,2000,22(6):568~576Wan Y G,Wu Z L,Zou G W,et al.“Stress triggering”between different rupture events in several earthquakes.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2000,22(6):568~576
[18]刘桂萍,傅征祥.1973年炉霍大地震(Ms=7.6)最大余震(Ms=6.3)的库仑破裂应力触发.中国地震,2002,18(2):175~182Liu GP,Fu Z X.Thetriggering mechanismof thelargest aftershock(Ms=6.3)of the1973Luhuo great earthquake(Ms=7.6).Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),2002,18(2):175~182
[19]马宗晋,傅征祥,张郢珍等.1966~1976年中国九大地震.北京:地震出版社,1982Ma ZJ,Fu Z X,Zhang Z Z,et al.The Nine Strong Earthquakesin China during1966~1976(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1982
[20]杨林章,何世海,郗钦文等.用潮汐体应变加卸载响应比研究岩石弹性性质的变化.中国地震,1994,10(增):90~94Yang L Z,He S H,Xi Q W,et al.Study on the variation of the property of rock elasticity byloading and unloadingresponse ratio of tidal volume strain.Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),1994,10(Suppl.):90~94
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