矿山三维模型在滑坡体稳定性分析中的应用
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摘要
滑坡是常见地质灾害之一,其形成原因可以是自然的,也可以是人为的,或者是综合性的。因此,滑坡体的形成机制相当复杂,寻求可靠、有效的滑坡体理论计算与数值模拟分析方法是许多学者努力研究的方向。随着现代科学技术,尤其是先进的计算机数字建模技术的发展与进步,三维矿山模型的建立成为可能,为滑坡体稳定性分析与计算提供了一种新的途径。模型的建立以从各种渠道所获取的基础数据为前提,可以将研究对象的基本组成及其结构构造三维可视化,并赋予各组成部分关于几何形状、尺寸、空间分布要素(走向、倾向和倾角)以及物理力学性能方面的参数。将三维模型上任意截取的计算剖面与传统的极限平衡计算法结合起来,可轻松获得该计算剖面坡体稳定安全系数;将三维模型和功能强大的有限元分析软件结合起来,则可实现滑坡体的三维稳定性分析与计算。结合河南灵宝罗山矿区的滑坡体稳定性分析与治理课题,介绍了以MapGIS,AutoCAD及Surpac软件为主要工具的矿山三维建模的基本原理和步骤,获得部分关键计算剖面的稳定安全系数,为滑坡体的稳定性分析研究及其综合治理提供了依据。
Slope collapse is one of the most common geological disasters,which is controlled by multi-factors.The mechanism of slope stability is very complicated,it is thus essential to study the method of theoretical calculation and numerical simulation.With the development of modern science and technology,especially some advanced numerical simulation technologies,it becomes possible to build up a viable 3D mine model and then provides a new analysis method for slope stability.The basic principles and steps followed in the 3D numerical simulating process based on MapGIS,Surpac and AutoCAD are clearly introduced.The obtained numerical model will possess all kinds of information including the mechanical characteristics of materials and the geometrical parameters of geological discontinuities known from previous works.Both the whole geological structure and various geological components involved in a slope can be visualized on computer;the complicated analysis and calculation can be then carried out more effectively.The combination of 3D numerical model with some classical theories in slope stabilization can easily provide the stability factor,and the combination with other powerful finite element methods can realize more complicated calculation and offer more detailed results of stress and displacement.A case study,Luoshan Mine slope in Lingbao of Henan Province,is discussed.The stability coefficient in certain key cross-sections of slope is obtained,which can be useful in the slope stability studies.
Slope collapse is one of the most common geological disasters,which is controlled by multi-factors.The mechanism of slope stability is very complicated,it is thus essential to study the method of theoretical calculation and numerical simulation.With the development of modern science and technology,especially some advanced numerical simulation technologies,it becomes possible to build up a viable 3D mine model and then provides a new analysis method for slope stability.The basic principles and steps followed in the 3D numerical simulating process based on MapGIS,Surpac and AutoCAD are clearly introduced.The obtained numerical model will possess all kinds of information including the mechanical characteristics of materials and the geometrical parameters of geological discontinuities known from previous works.Both the whole geological structure and various geological components involved in a slope can be visualized on computer;the complicated analysis and calculation can be then carried out more effectively.The combination of 3D numerical model with some classical theories in slope stabilization can easily provide the stability factor,and the combination with other powerful finite element methods can realize more complicated calculation and offer more detailed results of stress and displacement.A case study,Luoshan Mine slope in Lingbao of Henan Province,is discussed.The stability coefficient in certain key cross-sections of slope is obtained,which can be useful in the slope stability studies.
引文
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[8]贾厚华,贺怀建.边坡稳定模糊随机可靠度分析[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):657–660.(JIA Houhua,HE Huaijian.Analysis of fuzzy-random reliability of slope stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(4):657–660.(in Chinese))
[9]谢全敏,朱瑞赓.岩体边坡稳定性灰色聚类空间预测方法[J].金属矿山,1997,(6):1–5.(XIE Quanmin,ZHU Ruigeng.The grey classification together method for space prediction of the stability of rock mass slope[J].Metal Mine,1997,(6):1–5.(in Chinese))
[10]陈新民,罗国煜.基于经验的边坡稳定性灰色系统分析与评价[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(5):638–641.(CHEN Xinmin,LUO Guoyu.Grey system analysis and evaluation of slope stability based on experience[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1999,21(5):638–641.(in Chinese))
[11]谢全敏,夏元友.岩体边坡稳定性的可拓聚类预测方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(3):438–441.(XIE Quanmin,XIA Yuanyou.Extension classification prediction method for the stability of rock-mass slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(3):438–441.(in Chinese))
[12]陈昌彦,王思敬,沈小克.边坡岩体稳定性的人工神经网络预测模型[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(2):157–161.(CHEN Changyan,WANG Sijing,SHEN Xiaoke.Predicting models to estimate stability of rock slope based on artificial neural network[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(2):157–161.(in Chinese))
[13]夏元友,朱瑞赓,李新平,等.基于神经网络的岩质边坡稳定性评估系统研究[J].自然灾害学报,1996,5(1):98–104.(XIA Yuanyou,ZHU Ruigeng,LI Xinping,et al.A system of rock slope stability evaluation based on neural network[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1996,5(1):98–104.(in Chinese))
[14]钟绍军,叶小青.费歇判别法在乳房癌诊断中的应用[J].黄冈师范学院学报,2004,24(3):27–31.(ZHONG Shaojun,YE Xiaoqing.Diagnosis of breast cancer based on the method of Fisher discriminant[J].Journal of Huanggang Normal College,2004,24(3):27–31.(in Chinese))
[2]杨强,朱玲,薛利军.基于三维多重网格法的极限平衡法在锦屏高边坡稳定性分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增2):5 313–5 318.(YANG Qiang,ZHU Ling,XUE Lijun.Application of limit equilibrium method to stability analysis of Jinping high slope based on 3D multi-grid method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.2):5 313–5 318.(in Chinese))
[3]赵尚毅,郑颖人,时卫民,等.用有限元强度折减法求边坡稳定安全系数[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(3):343–346.(ZHAO Shangyi,ZHENG Yingren,SHI Weimin,et al.Analysis of safety factor of slope by strength reduction FEM[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(3):343–346.(in Chinese))
[4]赵尚毅,时卫民,郑颖人.边坡稳定性分析的有限元法[J].地下空间,2001,21(5):450–454.(ZHAO Shangyi,SHI Weimin,ZHENG Yingren.FEM for analysis of slope stability[J].Underground Space,2001,21(5):450–454.(in Chinese))
[5]李素梅.块体理论在岩石路堑边坡稳定分析中的运用[J].云南交通科技,2003,19(4):14–16.(LI Sumei.Application of block theory to stability analysis of rock cutting slope[J].Yunnan Communication Science and Technology,2003,19(4):14–16.(in Chinese))
[6]祝玉学.边坡可靠性分析[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1993.(ZHU Yuxue.Stability analysis of slope[M].Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[7]王光远,刘玉彬.结构模糊随机可靠度的实用计算方法[J].地震工程和工程振动,1995,15(3):38–46.(WANG Guangyuan,LIU Yubin.Practical calculation method for fuzzy random reliability of structures[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1995,15(3):38–46.(in Chinese))
[8]贾厚华,贺怀建.边坡稳定模糊随机可靠度分析[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):657–660.(JIA Houhua,HE Huaijian.Analysis of fuzzy-random reliability of slope stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(4):657–660.(in Chinese))
[9]谢全敏,朱瑞赓.岩体边坡稳定性灰色聚类空间预测方法[J].金属矿山,1997,(6):1–5.(XIE Quanmin,ZHU Ruigeng.The grey classification together method for space prediction of the stability of rock mass slope[J].Metal Mine,1997,(6):1–5.(in Chinese))
[10]陈新民,罗国煜.基于经验的边坡稳定性灰色系统分析与评价[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(5):638–641.(CHEN Xinmin,LUO Guoyu.Grey system analysis and evaluation of slope stability based on experience[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1999,21(5):638–641.(in Chinese))
[11]谢全敏,夏元友.岩体边坡稳定性的可拓聚类预测方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(3):438–441.(XIE Quanmin,XIA Yuanyou.Extension classification prediction method for the stability of rock-mass slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(3):438–441.(in Chinese))
[12]陈昌彦,王思敬,沈小克.边坡岩体稳定性的人工神经网络预测模型[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(2):157–161.(CHEN Changyan,WANG Sijing,SHEN Xiaoke.Predicting models to estimate stability of rock slope based on artificial neural network[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(2):157–161.(in Chinese))
[13]夏元友,朱瑞赓,李新平,等.基于神经网络的岩质边坡稳定性评估系统研究[J].自然灾害学报,1996,5(1):98–104.(XIA Yuanyou,ZHU Ruigeng,LI Xinping,et al.A system of rock slope stability evaluation based on neural network[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1996,5(1):98–104.(in Chinese))
[14]钟绍军,叶小青.费歇判别法在乳房癌诊断中的应用[J].黄冈师范学院学报,2004,24(3):27–31.(ZHONG Shaojun,YE Xiaoqing.Diagnosis of breast cancer based on the method of Fisher discriminant[J].Journal of Huanggang Normal College,2004,24(3):27–31.(in Chinese))
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