微地震资料自适应滤波方法研究
摘要
常规自适应估计滤波方法,采用残差变化梯度近似代替均方误差梯度,当估计值和原始值具有统计独立的特点时,这种近似估计方法效果较好,并且估计结果稳定。但是,当原始数据或估计数据出现非独立统计特点时,误差梯度变化剧烈,出现估计结果的剧烈振荡。针对自适应估计方法存在的问题,结合微地震资料的特点,研究了自适应估计滤波的改进方法。在算法设计中,考虑加入约束条件,使迭代方法向着期望收敛方向进行,即在迭代过程中,下一次预测矢量的数学期望,要小于上一次的数学期望;把权系数用其离差进行归一化,使递推估计结果不会剧烈震荡,估计过程稳定收敛且估计结果可靠;误差和权系数由原来的自身迭代结果取值,改进为曲线拟合后再取值;同时讨论了窗口长度的选取问题,将固定窗口改进为自动调节的变化窗口。模型和实际资料测试结果证明了改进的自适应滤波方法设计理论正确合理,处理效果改善明显。
引文
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[4]Baziw E,Jones I W.Application of Kalman filteringtechniques for microseismic event detection[J].Pureand Applied Feophysics,2002,159(4):449-471
[5]张山,刘清林,赵群,等.微地震监测技术在油田开发中的应用[J].石油物探,2002,41(2):226-231Zhang S,Liu Q L,Zhao Q,et al.Application of mi-croseismic monitoring technology in development ofoil field[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2002,41(2):226-231
[6]左国平,王彦春,隋荣亮.利用能量比法拾取地震初至的一种改进方法[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):345-347Zuo G P,Wang Y C,Sui R L.An improved methodfor first arrival pickup using energy ratio[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(4):345-347
[7]宋维琪,吕世超.基于小波分解与Akaike信息准则的微地震初至拾取方法[J].石油物探,2011,50(1):14-21Song W Q,Lv S C.Automatic detection method ofmicroseismic event based on wavelet decompositionand Akaike information criteria[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2011,50(1):14-21
[8]Moriya H,Niitsuma H.Precise detection of a P-wave in low S/N signal by using time-frequency rep-resentations of a triaxial hodogram[J].Geophysics,1996,61(5):1453-1466
[9]Lummerow J.Using the value of the crosscorrelationcoefficient to locate microseismic events[J].Geo-physics,2010,75(4):MA47-MA52
[10]Menke W,Lerner-Lam A,Dubendroff B,et al.Polar-ization and coherence of 5-30Hz seismic wave fieldat a hard rock site and their relevance to velocityheterogeneities on the crust[J].Bulletin of the Se-imological Society of America,1990,80(2):430-449
[11]宋维琪,孙英杰,朱卫星.微地震资料频域相干—时间域偏振滤波方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2):161-167Song W Q,Sun Y J,Zhu W X.Micro seismic coher-ence in frequency domain,time domain polarizationfiltering method[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(2):161-167
[12]Volker O,Michael R.A new processing package formicroseismic monitoring of hydrocarbon reservoirs[J].Expanded Abstracts of 71st Annual InternatSEG Mtg,2001,1233-1239
[13]程乾生,周小波.自适应预测法在去噪声中的应用[J].电子学报,1999,27(8):9-12Cheng Q S,Zhou X B.Adaptive prediction methodfor noise attenuation[J].Chinese Journal of Elec-tronics,1999,27(8):9-12
[14]黄中玉,高林,徐亦鸣,等.三分量数据的偏振分析及其应用[J].石油物探,1996,35(2):9-16Huang Z Y,Gao L,Xu Y M,et al.Polarization analysisand application of three component data[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,1996,35(2):9-16
[15]Jeffrey P.Multitaper spectral analysis of high-fre-quency seismogram[J].Journal of Geophysical Re-search,1987,92(2):1267-1268
[16]Zhi J,Foulger D G R,Mao W J.Noise reduction forbroad-band,three-component seismograms using da-ta-adaptive polarization filters[J].Geophysical Jour-nal International,2000,141(3):820-828
[17]Samson J C,Olson J V.Data-adaptive polarizationfilters for multichannel geophysical data[J].Geo-physics,1981,46(10):1423-1431
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