核电厂抗震设计谱确定方法分析
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摘要
抗震设计谱是核电厂抗震设计的主要依据。核电设计谱的表达多采用直线分段式方法,一般由固定的设计谱形与具有一定保证概率的地震动幅值共同组成。简要回顾核电设计谱的发展历程,对核电设计谱的主要确定方法进行比较和分析,探讨统一危险性谱在核电抗震应用中的问题。基于近期发生的强震动数据库,按4种设计谱标定方法分别计算设计谱以及反映设计谱稳定性的规准伪速度谱谱比曲线。分析结果表明,基于双规准反应谱的设计谱在速度控制段的谱值明显偏高,直接基于伪速度谱的设计谱标定方法具有稳定性优势。最后,为我国核电设计谱进一步研究工作的开展提出些许看法和建议。
Seismic design of nuclear power plants is mainly based on the seismic design spectrum.The nuclear design spectrum,generally formulated of a fixed design spectral shape anchored to ground motion amplitudes with guarantee probabilities,is represented mostly in a piecewise-linear manner.The evolution of nuclear design spectrum is reviewed in the paper,main approaches on the construction of nuclear response spectrum are compared and analyzed,then the uniform hazard spectrum and its applications in the seismic design of nuclear power plants is considered.A comparative study is conducted in which different methodologies performed calculations of seismic response spectra and the ratio curves of normalized pseudo-velocity spectra to the corresponding smooth spectra based on the same set of ground motion data recorded during recent large earthquakes.Results show that spectral values of the bi-normalized spectral approaches are higher than those of the other spectra at the velocity sensitive region;design spectrum anchored to the pseudo-velocity spectra has better certainty than others.At last,personal perspectives and suggestions on development of guidelines and on future research works are put forward.
Seismic design of nuclear power plants is mainly based on the seismic design spectrum.The nuclear design spectrum,generally formulated of a fixed design spectral shape anchored to ground motion amplitudes with guarantee probabilities,is represented mostly in a piecewise-linear manner.The evolution of nuclear design spectrum is reviewed in the paper,main approaches on the construction of nuclear response spectrum are compared and analyzed,then the uniform hazard spectrum and its applications in the seismic design of nuclear power plants is considered.A comparative study is conducted in which different methodologies performed calculations of seismic response spectra and the ratio curves of normalized pseudo-velocity spectra to the corresponding smooth spectra based on the same set of ground motion data recorded during recent large earthquakes.Results show that spectral values of the bi-normalized spectral approaches are higher than those of the other spectra at the velocity sensitive region;design spectrum anchored to the pseudo-velocity spectra has better certainty than others.At last,personal perspectives and suggestions on development of guidelines and on future research works are put forward.
引文
[1]徐龙军.统一抗震设计谱理论及其应用[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006(Xu Longjun.Theory and itsapplication of uniform seismic design spectrum[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2006(inChinese))
[2]Xu Longjun,Yang Shengchao,Xie Lili.Response spectrafor nuclear structures considering directivity effect on rocksite[J].Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration,2010,9(3):357-366
[3]覃峰.核电厂抗震设计谱研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2011(Qin Feng.On seismic designspectrum for nuclear power plants[D].Harbin:Instituteof Engineering Mechanics,China EarthquakeAdministration,2011(in Chinese))
[4]徐龙军,杨圣超,谢礼立.基于近期大地震特征的核电站设计谱[J].东南大学学报,2011,41(3):630-635(Xu Longjun,Yang Shengchao,Xie Lili.Design spectrafor nuclear power plant based on recent large earthquakes[J].Journal of Southeast University,2011,41(3):630-635(in Chinese))
[5]GB50267—1997核电厂抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997(GB50267—1997Code for seismicdesign of nuclear power plants[S].Beijing:StandardsPress of China,1997(in Chinese))
[6]Trifunac M D.Biot response spectrum[J].Soil Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering,2006,26:491-500
[7]Chopra A K.Elastic response spectrum:a historical note[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2007,36:3-12
[8]Biot M A.Analytical and experimental methods in engineeringseismology[J].ASCE Transactions,1942,108:365-408
[9]Biot M A.A mechanical analyzer for the prediction ofearthquake stresses[J].Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America,1941,31(2):151-171
[10]Housner G W.Behaviour of structures during earthquakes[J].ASCE,1959,85(EM4):109-129
[11]Newmark N M,Blume J A,Kapur K K.Seismic designcriteria for nuclear power plants[J].Journal of the PowerDivision,ASCE,1973 99(PO2):287-303
[12]Design response spectra for seismic design of nuclear powerplants[S].Washington,DC:Atomic Energy Commission,1973
[13]Bommer J J,Papaspiliou M,Price W.Earthquake responsespectra for seismic design of nuclear power plants in the UK[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2011,214(3):968-977
[14]Malhotra P K.Smooth spectra of horizontal and verticalground motions[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,2006,96(2):506-518
[15]US-NUREG/CR 6728 Regulatory guidance on design groundmotions[S].Washington,DC:Nuclear Regulatory Commission,2001
[16]CSA-N289.3 Design procedures for seismic qualifications ofCANDU nuclear power plants[S].Canada:CanadianStandards Association,1992
[17]PML.Seismic ground motion for UK design[R].PrincipiaMechanica Ltd.,1981
[18]EUR.European utility requirements for LWR nuclear powerplants[R].2001
[19]EN 1998-1:2004 Eurocode 8:Design of structures forearthquake resistance-Part 1:general rules,seismic actionsand rules for buildings[S].Brussels,2004
[20]日本核电厂结构、设备与管道抗震设计[R].王前信,朱镜清,等译.北京:国家地震局工程力学研究所,1989(Structure,facility and pipelines seismic design for nuclearpower plants of Japan[R].Wang Qianxin,Zhu Jing Qing,et al,translation.Beijing:Institute of EngineeringMechanics,China Earthquake Administration,1989(inChinese))
[21]JEAG4601—1987原子力発電所耐震設計技術指針[S].日本:日本電気協会,1987(JEAG4601—1987Technical guidelines for seismic design of nuclear powerplants[S].Japan:Electric Association of Japan,1987(inJapanese))
[22]郭玉学,王国新.华北地区地震动参数的确定方法(上)[J].世界地震工程,1989(3):13-17(Guo Yuxue,WangGuoxin.Determinate method on the ground motionparameters of north China(1)[J].World EarthquakeEngineering,1989(3):13-17(in Chinese))
[23]郭玉学,王国新.华北地区地震动参数的确定方法(下)[J].世界地震工程,1989(4):26-34(Guo Yuxue,WangGuoxin.Determinate method on the ground motionparameters of north China(2)[J].World EarthquakeEngineering,1989(4):26-34(in Chinese))
[24]郭玉学,王治山.中国核电厂抗震设计用标准反应谱[J].世界地震工程,1993(2):31-36(Guo Yuxue,WangZhishan.Standard design spectra for nuclear power plantsin China[J].World Earthquake Engineering,1993(2):31-36(in Chinese))
[25]郭玉学,王国新.华北地区基岩场地水平加速度衰减关系[J].地震工程与工程振动,1997,10(1):41-49(GuoYuxue,Wang Guoxin.The horizontal accelerationattenuation relationships on rock sites of north China[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1997,10(1):41-49(in Chinese))
[26]Xu Longjun,Yang Shengchao,Xie Lili.Response spectrafor nuclear structures on rock sites consider the near-falutdirectivity effect[J].Earhquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2010,9(3):357-365
[27]Mcguire R K.Seismic design spectra and mapping proceduresusing hazard analysis based directly on oscillator response[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Engineering,1977,5:211-234
[28]Technical assessment guide:external hazards[S].UK:Health and Safety Executive-Nuclear Directorate,2009
[2]Xu Longjun,Yang Shengchao,Xie Lili.Response spectrafor nuclear structures considering directivity effect on rocksite[J].Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration,2010,9(3):357-366
[3]覃峰.核电厂抗震设计谱研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2011(Qin Feng.On seismic designspectrum for nuclear power plants[D].Harbin:Instituteof Engineering Mechanics,China EarthquakeAdministration,2011(in Chinese))
[4]徐龙军,杨圣超,谢礼立.基于近期大地震特征的核电站设计谱[J].东南大学学报,2011,41(3):630-635(Xu Longjun,Yang Shengchao,Xie Lili.Design spectrafor nuclear power plant based on recent large earthquakes[J].Journal of Southeast University,2011,41(3):630-635(in Chinese))
[5]GB50267—1997核电厂抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997(GB50267—1997Code for seismicdesign of nuclear power plants[S].Beijing:StandardsPress of China,1997(in Chinese))
[6]Trifunac M D.Biot response spectrum[J].Soil Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering,2006,26:491-500
[7]Chopra A K.Elastic response spectrum:a historical note[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2007,36:3-12
[8]Biot M A.Analytical and experimental methods in engineeringseismology[J].ASCE Transactions,1942,108:365-408
[9]Biot M A.A mechanical analyzer for the prediction ofearthquake stresses[J].Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America,1941,31(2):151-171
[10]Housner G W.Behaviour of structures during earthquakes[J].ASCE,1959,85(EM4):109-129
[11]Newmark N M,Blume J A,Kapur K K.Seismic designcriteria for nuclear power plants[J].Journal of the PowerDivision,ASCE,1973 99(PO2):287-303
[12]Design response spectra for seismic design of nuclear powerplants[S].Washington,DC:Atomic Energy Commission,1973
[13]Bommer J J,Papaspiliou M,Price W.Earthquake responsespectra for seismic design of nuclear power plants in the UK[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2011,214(3):968-977
[14]Malhotra P K.Smooth spectra of horizontal and verticalground motions[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,2006,96(2):506-518
[15]US-NUREG/CR 6728 Regulatory guidance on design groundmotions[S].Washington,DC:Nuclear Regulatory Commission,2001
[16]CSA-N289.3 Design procedures for seismic qualifications ofCANDU nuclear power plants[S].Canada:CanadianStandards Association,1992
[17]PML.Seismic ground motion for UK design[R].PrincipiaMechanica Ltd.,1981
[18]EUR.European utility requirements for LWR nuclear powerplants[R].2001
[19]EN 1998-1:2004 Eurocode 8:Design of structures forearthquake resistance-Part 1:general rules,seismic actionsand rules for buildings[S].Brussels,2004
[20]日本核电厂结构、设备与管道抗震设计[R].王前信,朱镜清,等译.北京:国家地震局工程力学研究所,1989(Structure,facility and pipelines seismic design for nuclearpower plants of Japan[R].Wang Qianxin,Zhu Jing Qing,et al,translation.Beijing:Institute of EngineeringMechanics,China Earthquake Administration,1989(inChinese))
[21]JEAG4601—1987原子力発電所耐震設計技術指針[S].日本:日本電気協会,1987(JEAG4601—1987Technical guidelines for seismic design of nuclear powerplants[S].Japan:Electric Association of Japan,1987(inJapanese))
[22]郭玉学,王国新.华北地区地震动参数的确定方法(上)[J].世界地震工程,1989(3):13-17(Guo Yuxue,WangGuoxin.Determinate method on the ground motionparameters of north China(1)[J].World EarthquakeEngineering,1989(3):13-17(in Chinese))
[23]郭玉学,王国新.华北地区地震动参数的确定方法(下)[J].世界地震工程,1989(4):26-34(Guo Yuxue,WangGuoxin.Determinate method on the ground motionparameters of north China(2)[J].World EarthquakeEngineering,1989(4):26-34(in Chinese))
[24]郭玉学,王治山.中国核电厂抗震设计用标准反应谱[J].世界地震工程,1993(2):31-36(Guo Yuxue,WangZhishan.Standard design spectra for nuclear power plantsin China[J].World Earthquake Engineering,1993(2):31-36(in Chinese))
[25]郭玉学,王国新.华北地区基岩场地水平加速度衰减关系[J].地震工程与工程振动,1997,10(1):41-49(GuoYuxue,Wang Guoxin.The horizontal accelerationattenuation relationships on rock sites of north China[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1997,10(1):41-49(in Chinese))
[26]Xu Longjun,Yang Shengchao,Xie Lili.Response spectrafor nuclear structures on rock sites consider the near-falutdirectivity effect[J].Earhquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2010,9(3):357-365
[27]Mcguire R K.Seismic design spectra and mapping proceduresusing hazard analysis based directly on oscillator response[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Engineering,1977,5:211-234
[28]Technical assessment guide:external hazards[S].UK:Health and Safety Executive-Nuclear Directorate,2009
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