中国碎屑岩隐蔽油气藏勘探进展与问题
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摘要
介绍了中国陆上与海上碎屑岩隐蔽油气藏的勘探历程。总结了伴随碎屑岩隐蔽油气藏勘探过程中新理论新技术的进展情况,理论上包括层序地层理论在中国的不断创新、坡折带理论、复式输导体系、相势控藏及三元控藏理论,这些理论推动了隐蔽油气藏从个别识别到定性和定量预测,促进了盆地不同构造位置、不同层系、不同领域隐蔽油气藏的勘探;技术上主要体现在高精度层序地层研究、为高精度层序地层研究而发展的保幅处理和高分辨率处理技术、验证和预测隐蔽砂体的反演技术、隐蔽砂体快速直观识别的可视化技术、分析隐蔽砂体含油性的AVO技术及分频等地球物理技术。尽管如此,隐蔽油气藏勘探失败案例暴露了许多问题,这些问题在于缺乏系统运用隐蔽油气藏理论或者由于隐蔽油气藏成藏理论不完善难以准确快速评价是否成藏,此外,由于地球物理预测具有多解性也会导致错误的认识。因此,今后应充分利用高分辨率地震资料,大力推进叠前处理和反演技术,进一步弄清隐蔽油气藏成藏机理及主控因素。
The progress of new theories and technologies for onshore and offshore subtle clastic reservoir exploration in China is introduced,the theories include the continuous innovation of sequence stratigraphy,slope break theory,complicated pathways,sedimentary facies and fluid potential controlling on reservoir forming,three genetic factors controlling reservoir forming in China,these theories promote the subtle reservoir exploration from individual identification to qualitative and quantitative prediction,accelerate the subtle reservoir exploration in different tectonic places,different layer systems and different domains,the technologies include the high precision sequence stratigraphy,high resolution processing technology,inversion technology,visualization technology,AVO technology and frequency division technology.Nevertheless,there exist many problems,including lacking use of subtle reservoir exploration theory systematically or being difficult to evaluate the reservoir forming as a result of insufficient subtle reservoir forming mechanism,in addition,the ambiguity of the geophysic prediction can also result in wrong conclusion.Therefore,it is supposed high resolution seismic data and advanced prestack processing and inversion technology will be used to make clear of subtle reservoir forming mechanism and its main controlling factors.
The progress of new theories and technologies for onshore and offshore subtle clastic reservoir exploration in China is introduced,the theories include the continuous innovation of sequence stratigraphy,slope break theory,complicated pathways,sedimentary facies and fluid potential controlling on reservoir forming,three genetic factors controlling reservoir forming in China,these theories promote the subtle reservoir exploration from individual identification to qualitative and quantitative prediction,accelerate the subtle reservoir exploration in different tectonic places,different layer systems and different domains,the technologies include the high precision sequence stratigraphy,high resolution processing technology,inversion technology,visualization technology,AVO technology and frequency division technology.Nevertheless,there exist many problems,including lacking use of subtle reservoir exploration theory systematically or being difficult to evaluate the reservoir forming as a result of insufficient subtle reservoir forming mechanism,in addition,the ambiguity of the geophysic prediction can also result in wrong conclusion.Therefore,it is supposed high resolution seismic data and advanced prestack processing and inversion technology will be used to make clear of subtle reservoir forming mechanism and its main controlling factors.
引文
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[2]Hlabouty M T.寻找隐蔽油藏[M].刘民中译,北京:石油工业出版社,1988.
[3]Vail P R,Mitchum R M.Seismic stratigraphy and global changesin sealevel,Part1:overview[A].Payton C E.Seismic stratigra-phy-application to hydrocarbon exploration[C].America Association of Petroleum Geologist,Memoir,1977,26:51～212.
[4]Berg O R.Seismic detection and evaluation of delta and turbinate sequences,their application to exploration for the subtle trap[J].AAPG,1982,66(9):57～75.
[5]Sangree J B,Vail P R,Mitchum R M.Summary of exploration applications of sequence stratigraphy[Z].J.M.Armentrout,B.F.Perkins.Sequence stratigraphy as an exploration tool:concepts and practices fromthe Gulf Coast[C].Eleventh Annual Reseach Conference Gulf Coast Section Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists,1991.321～327.
[6]Weimer P,Bouma A H,Perkins B F.Submarine fans and turbidite systems,sequence stratigraphy,reservoir architecture and pro-duction characteristics[C].Gulf of Mexico andinternational:Gulf Coast Section of the SEPMFoundation15th Annual Research Con-ference Proceedings.1994.440.
[7]Weimer P,Roger M.Global Overviewof Deepwater Exploration and Production[Z].Weimer P,Roger M.Slatt.Petroleumsys-tems of deepwater settings[C].Distinguished Instructor Short Course Series7,Tulsa:SEG.2004.2～39.
[8]李丕龙,庞雄奇.隐蔽油气藏形成机理与勘探实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
[9]胡文海,陈冬晴.美国油气田分布和勘探经验[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.68～90.
[10]徐怀大.层序地层学理论用于我国断陷盆地分析中的问题[J].石油与天然气地质,1991,2(1):52～57.
[11]李思田,杨士恭.论沉积盆地的等时地层格架和基本建造单元[J].沉积学报,1992,10(4):11～22.
[12]解习农,李思田.陆相盆地层序地层学研究特点[J].地质科技情报,1993,12(2):22～26.
[13]丘东洲,赵玉光.西准噶尔前陆盆地晚期层序地层模式及其应用[J].岩相古地理,1993,3(4):1～16.
[14]顾家裕.陆相层序地层学格架概念及模式[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(4):6～11.
[15]李思田,林畅松,解习农等.大型陆相盆地地层层序学研究——以鄂尔多斯中生代盆地为例[J].地学前缘,1995,2(4):133～136.
[16]樊太亮,李卫东.层序地层运用于陆相油藏预测的成功实例[J].石油学报,1999,20(2):12～17.
[17]李思田,潘元林,陆永潮等.断陷盆地隐蔽油藏预测及勘探的关键技术-高精度地震探测基础上的层序地层学研究[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):592～597.
[18]陆光辉,朱玉波,张宏等.隐蔽圈闭识别技术发展概述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(2):79～86.
[19]李丕龙,张善文,宋国齐等.断陷盆地隐蔽油气藏形成的机制——以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷为例[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(1):3～10.
[20]Dalrymple R W,Zaitlin B A.High resolution sequence stratigraphy of a complex,incised valley Succession,cobequid bay-sal mon River Estuary,Bay of Fundy,Canada[J].Sedimentology,1995,41(6):1069～1091.
[21]Ulicny D,Spicakova L.Response to high frequency sea-level change in a fluvial to estuarine succession:Cenomanian Palaeovalley Fill,Bohemian Cretaceous[A].Howell J A,Aitken J F.High resolution sequence stratigraphy:innovations and applications[C].Geological Sociesty Special Publication,1996,104:247～268.
[22]Juan P M.Sequence stratigraphy in alluvial settings:a flume-based model with application to outcrop and seismic data[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82(9):1736～1753.
[23]Brian J W.Permeability structure of a compound valley fill in the cretaceous fall river formation of south Dakota[J].AAPG Bulle-tin,1998,82(9):206～227.
[24]徐怀大.层序地层学理论用于我国断陷盆地分析中的问题[J].石油与天然气地质,1991,2(1):52～57.
[25]林畅松,李思田,任建业.断陷湖盆层序地层研究和计算机模拟[J].地学前缘,1995,2(3):77～84.
[26]魏魁生.非海相层序地层学——以松辽盆地为例[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.
[27]池柳英.陆相断陷盆地层序成因初探[J].石油学报,1996,17(3):19～25.
[28]陆永潮,赵祖辉,陈平等.东营凹陷高精度层序地层学研究及在油气勘探新领域中的应用[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2001,26(增刊),105～108.
[29]潘元林,宗国洪,郭玉新等.济阳断陷湖盆层序地层学及砂砾岩油气藏群[J].石油学报,2003,24(3):16～23.
[30]纪友亮.陆相断陷湖盆层序地层学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.44～50.
[31]张世奇,纪友亮.陆相断陷湖盆层序地层学模式探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,1996,23(5):20～23.
[32]姜在兴.层序地层学原理及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
[33]冯有良,李思田,解习农.陆相断陷盆地层序形成动力学及层序地层模式[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):119～132.
[34]朱筱敏.层序地层学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2000.
[35]蒋恕,王华,陆永潮登.中国东部第三纪陆相断陷含油气盆地沉积模式构建[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2003,28(增刊):592～597.
[36]任建业,陆永潮,张青林.断陷盆地构造坡折带形成机制及其对层序发育样式的控制[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2004,29(5):596～602.
[37]林畅松,潘元林,肖建新.“构造坡折带”断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学中国地质大学学报,2000,25(3):260～267.
[38]王英民,金武弟,刘书会等.断陷湖盆多级坡折带的成因类型、展布及其勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(3):199～203.
[39]陈冬霞,庞雄奇,翁庆萍等.岩性油藏三元成因模式及初步应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(3):228～231.
[40]马启贵,刘英怀,许运新.国外岩性地层圈闭油气藏勘探新方法[J].国外油气勘探,1994,6(1):119～125.
[41]张守昌,李晨,张泽慧.地震技术在隐蔽油气藏勘探中的应用[J].特种油气藏,2001,8(3):13～15.
[42]林畅松,张燕梅,刘景彦等.高精度层序地层学和储层预测[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):111～112.
[43]郝芳,邹华耀,方勇.隐蔽油气藏研究的难点和前沿[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):481～488.
[44]李丕龙,陈冬霞,庞雄奇.岩性油气藏成因机理研究现状及展望[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,9(5):1～3.
[45]李丕龙,庞雄奇,陈冬霞等.济阳坳陷砂岩透镜体油藏成因机理与模式[J].中国科学D辑——地球科学,2004,34(增刊):143～151.
[2]Hlabouty M T.寻找隐蔽油藏[M].刘民中译,北京:石油工业出版社,1988.
[3]Vail P R,Mitchum R M.Seismic stratigraphy and global changesin sealevel,Part1:overview[A].Payton C E.Seismic stratigra-phy-application to hydrocarbon exploration[C].America Association of Petroleum Geologist,Memoir,1977,26:51～212.
[4]Berg O R.Seismic detection and evaluation of delta and turbinate sequences,their application to exploration for the subtle trap[J].AAPG,1982,66(9):57～75.
[5]Sangree J B,Vail P R,Mitchum R M.Summary of exploration applications of sequence stratigraphy[Z].J.M.Armentrout,B.F.Perkins.Sequence stratigraphy as an exploration tool:concepts and practices fromthe Gulf Coast[C].Eleventh Annual Reseach Conference Gulf Coast Section Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists,1991.321～327.
[6]Weimer P,Bouma A H,Perkins B F.Submarine fans and turbidite systems,sequence stratigraphy,reservoir architecture and pro-duction characteristics[C].Gulf of Mexico andinternational:Gulf Coast Section of the SEPMFoundation15th Annual Research Con-ference Proceedings.1994.440.
[7]Weimer P,Roger M.Global Overviewof Deepwater Exploration and Production[Z].Weimer P,Roger M.Slatt.Petroleumsys-tems of deepwater settings[C].Distinguished Instructor Short Course Series7,Tulsa:SEG.2004.2～39.
[8]李丕龙,庞雄奇.隐蔽油气藏形成机理与勘探实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
[9]胡文海,陈冬晴.美国油气田分布和勘探经验[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.68～90.
[10]徐怀大.层序地层学理论用于我国断陷盆地分析中的问题[J].石油与天然气地质,1991,2(1):52～57.
[11]李思田,杨士恭.论沉积盆地的等时地层格架和基本建造单元[J].沉积学报,1992,10(4):11～22.
[12]解习农,李思田.陆相盆地层序地层学研究特点[J].地质科技情报,1993,12(2):22～26.
[13]丘东洲,赵玉光.西准噶尔前陆盆地晚期层序地层模式及其应用[J].岩相古地理,1993,3(4):1～16.
[14]顾家裕.陆相层序地层学格架概念及模式[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(4):6～11.
[15]李思田,林畅松,解习农等.大型陆相盆地地层层序学研究——以鄂尔多斯中生代盆地为例[J].地学前缘,1995,2(4):133～136.
[16]樊太亮,李卫东.层序地层运用于陆相油藏预测的成功实例[J].石油学报,1999,20(2):12～17.
[17]李思田,潘元林,陆永潮等.断陷盆地隐蔽油藏预测及勘探的关键技术-高精度地震探测基础上的层序地层学研究[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):592～597.
[18]陆光辉,朱玉波,张宏等.隐蔽圈闭识别技术发展概述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(2):79～86.
[19]李丕龙,张善文,宋国齐等.断陷盆地隐蔽油气藏形成的机制——以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷为例[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(1):3～10.
[20]Dalrymple R W,Zaitlin B A.High resolution sequence stratigraphy of a complex,incised valley Succession,cobequid bay-sal mon River Estuary,Bay of Fundy,Canada[J].Sedimentology,1995,41(6):1069～1091.
[21]Ulicny D,Spicakova L.Response to high frequency sea-level change in a fluvial to estuarine succession:Cenomanian Palaeovalley Fill,Bohemian Cretaceous[A].Howell J A,Aitken J F.High resolution sequence stratigraphy:innovations and applications[C].Geological Sociesty Special Publication,1996,104:247～268.
[22]Juan P M.Sequence stratigraphy in alluvial settings:a flume-based model with application to outcrop and seismic data[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82(9):1736～1753.
[23]Brian J W.Permeability structure of a compound valley fill in the cretaceous fall river formation of south Dakota[J].AAPG Bulle-tin,1998,82(9):206～227.
[24]徐怀大.层序地层学理论用于我国断陷盆地分析中的问题[J].石油与天然气地质,1991,2(1):52～57.
[25]林畅松,李思田,任建业.断陷湖盆层序地层研究和计算机模拟[J].地学前缘,1995,2(3):77～84.
[26]魏魁生.非海相层序地层学——以松辽盆地为例[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.
[27]池柳英.陆相断陷盆地层序成因初探[J].石油学报,1996,17(3):19～25.
[28]陆永潮,赵祖辉,陈平等.东营凹陷高精度层序地层学研究及在油气勘探新领域中的应用[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2001,26(增刊),105～108.
[29]潘元林,宗国洪,郭玉新等.济阳断陷湖盆层序地层学及砂砾岩油气藏群[J].石油学报,2003,24(3):16～23.
[30]纪友亮.陆相断陷湖盆层序地层学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.44～50.
[31]张世奇,纪友亮.陆相断陷湖盆层序地层学模式探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,1996,23(5):20～23.
[32]姜在兴.层序地层学原理及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
[33]冯有良,李思田,解习农.陆相断陷盆地层序形成动力学及层序地层模式[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):119～132.
[34]朱筱敏.层序地层学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2000.
[35]蒋恕,王华,陆永潮登.中国东部第三纪陆相断陷含油气盆地沉积模式构建[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2003,28(增刊):592～597.
[36]任建业,陆永潮,张青林.断陷盆地构造坡折带形成机制及其对层序发育样式的控制[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2004,29(5):596～602.
[37]林畅松,潘元林,肖建新.“构造坡折带”断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学中国地质大学学报,2000,25(3):260～267.
[38]王英民,金武弟,刘书会等.断陷湖盆多级坡折带的成因类型、展布及其勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(3):199～203.
[39]陈冬霞,庞雄奇,翁庆萍等.岩性油藏三元成因模式及初步应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(3):228～231.
[40]马启贵,刘英怀,许运新.国外岩性地层圈闭油气藏勘探新方法[J].国外油气勘探,1994,6(1):119～125.
[41]张守昌,李晨,张泽慧.地震技术在隐蔽油气藏勘探中的应用[J].特种油气藏,2001,8(3):13～15.
[42]林畅松,张燕梅,刘景彦等.高精度层序地层学和储层预测[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):111～112.
[43]郝芳,邹华耀,方勇.隐蔽油气藏研究的难点和前沿[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):481～488.
[44]李丕龙,陈冬霞,庞雄奇.岩性油气藏成因机理研究现状及展望[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,9(5):1～3.
[45]李丕龙,庞雄奇,陈冬霞等.济阳坳陷砂岩透镜体油藏成因机理与模式[J].中国科学D辑——地球科学,2004,34(增刊):143～151.
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