南沙海区中生界岩相分布及构造特征
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摘要
为了了解南中国海南部南沙群岛陆架-陆坡区中生代地层发育情况,作者通过综合分析该海区钻井、拖网及1987年以来采集的20000多公里的多道反射地震勘探等资料,得到了对该区中生界基本特征的如下新认识:空间分布上,南沙的中生界具有从北部的郑和-礼乐隆起南缘向南增厚的趋势;沉积岩相方面,东部三叠纪时为深海相,侏罗纪为浅海与三角洲相,白垩纪为浅海-内浅海相,而往西南部中生代的海水深度有变深的趋势;中-新生代变形上,在南沙西部的曾母盆地,中生界褶皱为复式的、非协调性的,南沙中部多为舒缓褶皱,东部仅在近巴拉望海槽地带出现小幅度的褶皱。结合围区中生界及特提斯构造域的发育特征,作者提出南沙地块上的海相中生界在大地构造上归属于残留在中特提斯洋北部减薄陆缘地壳上的中特提斯期海相沉积地层,是该海域油气资源勘探不可忽视的对象。
The Nansha Islands region, or geologically the Nansha Block, occupies the southern part of South China Sea. For potential energy resource targeting, the development and distribution of the Mesozoic stratigraphy on the area from continental shelf to continental slope were investigated. By studying various geological (ocean drilling and dredging) and geophysical (multi-channel seismographic reflection data in total length of over 20 000-km made since 1987) data, the Mesozoic paleogeography of the area was reconstructed. In spatial dimen-sion, the Mesozoic deposits thicken up southwards from southern border of the Zhenghe-Liyue Uplift in the north. In temporal dimension, in the Triassic, abyssal sedimentary facies developed in the east; to the Jurassic, shallow marine and deltaic facies developed; and to the Cretaceous, the area progressed into shallow marine or inner shallow marine environment deepening southwestwards. In the Meso-Cenozoic tectonics, the western part of the study region represented by the Zengmu Basin experienced multiphased and non-accordant folding; the central part showed gentle and wide folding; and the eastern part underwent small and local folding such as seen in the area near the Palawan Trough. In overall, under the scope the Tethys Realm, the Mesozoic marine deposits on the Nansha Block reflect the nature of a thinned continental margin in the northern part of the Meso-Tethys tectonic realm. Exploration to energy resources of the Mesozoic marine deposits in the area should be intensified.
The Nansha Islands region, or geologically the Nansha Block, occupies the southern part of South China Sea. For potential energy resource targeting, the development and distribution of the Mesozoic stratigraphy on the area from continental shelf to continental slope were investigated. By studying various geological (ocean drilling and dredging) and geophysical (multi-channel seismographic reflection data in total length of over 20 000-km made since 1987) data, the Mesozoic paleogeography of the area was reconstructed. In spatial dimen-sion, the Mesozoic deposits thicken up southwards from southern border of the Zhenghe-Liyue Uplift in the north. In temporal dimension, in the Triassic, abyssal sedimentary facies developed in the east; to the Jurassic, shallow marine and deltaic facies developed; and to the Cretaceous, the area progressed into shallow marine or inner shallow marine environment deepening southwestwards. In the Meso-Cenozoic tectonics, the western part of the study region represented by the Zengmu Basin experienced multiphased and non-accordant folding; the central part showed gentle and wide folding; and the eastern part underwent small and local folding such as seen in the area near the Palawan Trough. In overall, under the scope the Tethys Realm, the Mesozoic marine deposits on the Nansha Block reflect the nature of a thinned continental margin in the northern part of the Meso-Tethys tectonic realm. Exploration to energy resources of the Mesozoic marine deposits in the area should be intensified.
引文
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2)葛建党,2000.珠江口盆地东部地区中生代地质特征、构造演化及油气勘探前景分析.见:中国科学院南海海洋研究所边缘海地质与古环境开放室编.边缘海形成演化、资源与古环境学术研讨会论文摘要汇编,34
广东省地质矿产局,1996.广东省岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,98?171
叶和飞,罗建宁,李永铁等,2000.特提斯构造域与油气勘探.沉积与特提斯地质,20(1):1?27
刘海龄,杨恬,朱淑芬等,2004.南海西北部新生代沉积基底构造演化.海洋学报,26(3):54?67
刘海龄,郭令智,孙岩等,2002.南沙地块断裂构造系统与岩石圈动力学研究.北京:科学出版社,1?123
杨树康,刘海龄,1994.南沙地体的演化及其与东亚离散陆缘的关系.见:施央申等主编.现代地质学研究文集(下).南京:南京大学出版社,154?162
苏乃容,曾麟,李平鲁,1995.珠江口盆地东部中生代凹陷地质特征.中国海上油气(地质),9(4):228?236
陈汉宗,孙珍,周蒂,2003.华南中生代岩相变化及海相地层时空分布.热带海洋学报,22(2):74?82
周效中,姜绍仁,1994.礼乐滩-珠江口地震剖面构造地层解释及对比.见:中国科学院南沙综合科学考察队编.南沙群岛及其邻近海区地质地球物理及岛礁论文集(二).北京:科学出版社,8?15
金庆焕,李唐根,2000.南沙海域区域地质构造.海洋地质与第四纪地质,20(1):1?8
姚永坚,姜玉坤,曾祥辉,2002.南沙海域新生代主要构造运动的特征.中国海上油气(地质),16(2):113?117
姜绍仁,周效中,叶秀开等,1996.中新生代沉积盆地构造地层分析.见:夏戡原等编.南沙群岛及其邻近海区地质地球物理与油气资源.北京:科学出版社,113?119
郝沪军,林鹤鸣,杨梦雄等,2001.潮汕坳陷中生界——油气勘探新领域.中国海上油气(地质),15(3):157?163
钟建强,1997.南沙群岛含油气盆地的前新生代基底及与北部陆缘的关系.中国海上油气(地质),11(2):124?130
颜佳新,周蒂,2002.南海及周边部分地区特提斯构造遗迹:问题与思考.热带海洋学报,21(2):43?49
Aitchison J C,1994.Early Cretaceous(Pre-Albian)radio-larians from blocks in Ayer complex mélange,eastern Sabah,Malaysia,with comments on their regional tec-tonic significance and the origins of enveloping mé-langes.Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences,9(3):255?262
Almasco J N,Rodolfo K,Fuller M et al,2000.Paleomag-netism of Palawan,Philippines.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,18:369?389
Fontaine H,David P,Pardede R et al,1983.The Jurassic in Southeast Asia.United Nations ESCAP,CCOP Techni-cal Bull,1?28
Holloway N H,1982.North Palawan Block,Philippines——Its Relation to Asian Mainland and Role in Evolution of South China Sea.AAPG Bulletin,66(9):1355?1383
Huang J,Chen B,1987.The evolution of the Tethys in China and adjacent regions.Beijing:Geological Pub-lishing House,1?109
Jasin B,1996.Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous radiolara from chert blocks in the Lubok Antu mélanges.Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences,UK,Pergamon,13(1):1?11
Kudrass H R,Wiedicke M,Cepek P et al,1986.Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks dredged from the South China Sea(Reed Bank area)and Sulu Sea and their Significance for plate tectonic reconstructions.Marine and Petro-leum Geology,13:19?30
Liu H L,Yan P,Zhang B Y et al,2004.Role of the Wanna Fault System in the Western Nansha Islands(Southern South China Sea)Waters Area.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,23(2):221?233
Liu H L,Yan P,Liu Y C et al,2006.On existence of Qiong-Qiongnan Suture in northern margin of South China Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,51(Supplement II):107?120
Schluter H U,Hinz K,Block M,1996.Tectono-stratigraphic terranes and detachment faulting of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea.Marine Geology,130:39?78
Yan P,Liu H L,2004.Tectonic-stratigraphic division and blind fold structures in Nansha Waters,South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,24:37?48
2)葛建党,2000.珠江口盆地东部地区中生代地质特征、构造演化及油气勘探前景分析.见:中国科学院南海海洋研究所边缘海地质与古环境开放室编.边缘海形成演化、资源与古环境学术研讨会论文摘要汇编,34
广东省地质矿产局,1996.广东省岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,98?171
叶和飞,罗建宁,李永铁等,2000.特提斯构造域与油气勘探.沉积与特提斯地质,20(1):1?27
刘海龄,杨恬,朱淑芬等,2004.南海西北部新生代沉积基底构造演化.海洋学报,26(3):54?67
刘海龄,郭令智,孙岩等,2002.南沙地块断裂构造系统与岩石圈动力学研究.北京:科学出版社,1?123
杨树康,刘海龄,1994.南沙地体的演化及其与东亚离散陆缘的关系.见:施央申等主编.现代地质学研究文集(下).南京:南京大学出版社,154?162
苏乃容,曾麟,李平鲁,1995.珠江口盆地东部中生代凹陷地质特征.中国海上油气(地质),9(4):228?236
陈汉宗,孙珍,周蒂,2003.华南中生代岩相变化及海相地层时空分布.热带海洋学报,22(2):74?82
周效中,姜绍仁,1994.礼乐滩-珠江口地震剖面构造地层解释及对比.见:中国科学院南沙综合科学考察队编.南沙群岛及其邻近海区地质地球物理及岛礁论文集(二).北京:科学出版社,8?15
金庆焕,李唐根,2000.南沙海域区域地质构造.海洋地质与第四纪地质,20(1):1?8
姚永坚,姜玉坤,曾祥辉,2002.南沙海域新生代主要构造运动的特征.中国海上油气(地质),16(2):113?117
姜绍仁,周效中,叶秀开等,1996.中新生代沉积盆地构造地层分析.见:夏戡原等编.南沙群岛及其邻近海区地质地球物理与油气资源.北京:科学出版社,113?119
郝沪军,林鹤鸣,杨梦雄等,2001.潮汕坳陷中生界——油气勘探新领域.中国海上油气(地质),15(3):157?163
钟建强,1997.南沙群岛含油气盆地的前新生代基底及与北部陆缘的关系.中国海上油气(地质),11(2):124?130
颜佳新,周蒂,2002.南海及周边部分地区特提斯构造遗迹:问题与思考.热带海洋学报,21(2):43?49
Aitchison J C,1994.Early Cretaceous(Pre-Albian)radio-larians from blocks in Ayer complex mélange,eastern Sabah,Malaysia,with comments on their regional tec-tonic significance and the origins of enveloping mé-langes.Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences,9(3):255?262
Almasco J N,Rodolfo K,Fuller M et al,2000.Paleomag-netism of Palawan,Philippines.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,18:369?389
Fontaine H,David P,Pardede R et al,1983.The Jurassic in Southeast Asia.United Nations ESCAP,CCOP Techni-cal Bull,1?28
Holloway N H,1982.North Palawan Block,Philippines——Its Relation to Asian Mainland and Role in Evolution of South China Sea.AAPG Bulletin,66(9):1355?1383
Huang J,Chen B,1987.The evolution of the Tethys in China and adjacent regions.Beijing:Geological Pub-lishing House,1?109
Jasin B,1996.Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous radiolara from chert blocks in the Lubok Antu mélanges.Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences,UK,Pergamon,13(1):1?11
Kudrass H R,Wiedicke M,Cepek P et al,1986.Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks dredged from the South China Sea(Reed Bank area)and Sulu Sea and their Significance for plate tectonic reconstructions.Marine and Petro-leum Geology,13:19?30
Liu H L,Yan P,Zhang B Y et al,2004.Role of the Wanna Fault System in the Western Nansha Islands(Southern South China Sea)Waters Area.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,23(2):221?233
Liu H L,Yan P,Liu Y C et al,2006.On existence of Qiong-Qiongnan Suture in northern margin of South China Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,51(Supplement II):107?120
Schluter H U,Hinz K,Block M,1996.Tectono-stratigraphic terranes and detachment faulting of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea.Marine Geology,130:39?78
Yan P,Liu H L,2004.Tectonic-stratigraphic division and blind fold structures in Nansha Waters,South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,24:37?48
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