地震折射层析法在隧洞围岩松动圈测试中的应用
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摘要
隧道围岩松动圈的测试对某些变形严重的围岩段的施工设计有着重要的意义。它的形成是由施工方法和围岩的地质特性所决定的。它由松动圈、过渡带和原岩三层组成。它的层状特性是开展地震折射层析方法的地球物理基础。与其它折射解释方法相比,层析法可以更精细地描绘松动圈起伏变化的地质情况,特别是透射严重和过渡带速度渐变的情况。在某些情况下,测试结果还可反映出隧道中构造应力的方向。文章介绍了SeisImager软件中折射层析算法的基本原理和最小走时树方法。通过该方法在某隧道围岩松动圈测试中的应用效果,说明了层析法有无可比拟的优点。
It is important to investigate the loosing rock zone of tunnel surface for anchoring design of the some deformed rock mass. The loosing rock zone formed is decided by the constructing method and the rock mass geologic condition. The tunnel rock mass consists of the loosing rock zone and the transition zone and the original rock mass. The layered characteristic is the foundation to use the seismic refraction method investigating. Relative to the other, the seismic refraction tomography method may outline the better to the heave variety of the loosing rock zone, especially to the ray penetrating zone and the slowly changing velocity zone. The results investigated may sometimes represent the direction of the structure stress in the tunnel surface. The paper introduces the basic principle of seismic refraction tomography method in SeisImager program package, which is the minimum traveltime tree algorithm. Through using the method to investigate the loosing rock zone of tunnel surface, the paper presents some advantages of the tomography method.
It is important to investigate the loosing rock zone of tunnel surface for anchoring design of the some deformed rock mass. The loosing rock zone formed is decided by the constructing method and the rock mass geologic condition. The tunnel rock mass consists of the loosing rock zone and the transition zone and the original rock mass. The layered characteristic is the foundation to use the seismic refraction method investigating. Relative to the other, the seismic refraction tomography method may outline the better to the heave variety of the loosing rock zone, especially to the ray penetrating zone and the slowly changing velocity zone. The results investigated may sometimes represent the direction of the structure stress in the tunnel surface. The paper introduces the basic principle of seismic refraction tomography method in SeisImager program package, which is the minimum traveltime tree algorithm. Through using the method to investigate the loosing rock zone of tunnel surface, the paper presents some advantages of the tomography method.
引文
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[7]刘洪,孟凡林,李幼铭.计算最小走时和射线路径的界面网全局方法[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(6):823—832.
[8]铁道部第二工程局.铁路工程施工技术手册——隧道(上)[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000.375—393.
[2]Geometricscompany.SeisImagerManual[R ].Ap pendixD :thetomographymethod,2003,3(12):222—244.
[3]王家映.地球物理反演理论[M ].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1998.23—47.
[4]NakanishiI,YamaguchiK .Anumericalexperimentonnonlinearimagereconstructionfromfirst-arrivaltimesfortwo-dimensionalislandarcstructure[J].J .Phys.Earth,1986,34(2):195—201.
[5]MoserTJ .Shortestpathcalculationofseismicrays[J].Geophysics,1991,56(1):59—67.
[6]CaoS ,GreenhalghS .Calculationoftheseismicfirst-breaktimefieldanditsraypathdistributionusingaminimumtravel-timetreealgorithm[J].Geophys.J .int,1993,114(3):593—600.
[7]刘洪,孟凡林,李幼铭.计算最小走时和射线路径的界面网全局方法[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(6):823—832.
[8]铁道部第二工程局.铁路工程施工技术手册——隧道(上)[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000.375—393.
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