适于窄线三维地震资料的面炮方法
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摘要
用小孔径波动方程三前深度偏移完成大面积数据的成像，不仅总的计算量较大，而且成像畸变较严重，为了进行大孔径波动方程叠前深度偏移，必须将实际的小孔径资料合成大孔径资料，并解决大孔径资料的成像方法．ＡＭＯ等合成孔径方法，数据合成方式简单，但成像方法是近似的且较复杂．面炮方法从理论上讲数据合成方式较简单，成像方法是精确的且较简单，但其应用适用于远道振幅比近道弱很多的情况．在窄线三维地震资料情况，其联络测线方向不易满足面炮应用条件．针对这种情况，本文将最小二乘原理应用于波场成像，提出适用窄线三维地震资料的面炮方法．为了解三维波动方程叠前深度偏移的面炮方法解决复杂油气藏的可行性、所需计算资源和成像效果，我们利用大庆ＳＷ地区三维地震资料进行了实验研究．通过研究，我们获得了面炮方法的实际效果，获得了所需计算资源的测试数据．对实际效果的分析对比表明，面炮方法是一种三维波动方程叠前深度偏移的快速方法，有较好应用前景．
Limited aperture will cause recording footprint in wave equation prestack migration and need large computation quantity through padding the image volume. To accelerate the calculation and reduce migration artifacts, technique of synthetic aperture is need. The method of AMO, DMO and SOM have shortcoming of complexity on imaging theory though they have advantages of simpty on synthetic data. Area shot method has advantages of simplicity on imaging theory and on synthetic data, but they will work on the case of small amplitude ratio of far channel and near channel. in the case of land 3d seismic acquisition, the range of crossline is too short to fit the condition of area shot synthetics. Least-squares principle is apply in imaging theory in order to introduce the area shot method for land 3d seismic acquisition . In order to for solve problem of complex hydrocarbon reservoir, the computation resources needed, and the imaging result, we conduct a experiment of area shot method through 3d data of Daqing SW area. The experiment show prospect of the potential applications.
Limited aperture will cause recording footprint in wave equation prestack migration and need large computation quantity through padding the image volume. To accelerate the calculation and reduce migration artifacts, technique of synthetic aperture is need. The method of AMO, DMO and SOM have shortcoming of complexity on imaging theory though they have advantages of simpty on synthetic data. Area shot method has advantages of simplicity on imaging theory and on synthetic data, but they will work on the case of small amplitude ratio of far channel and near channel. in the case of land 3d seismic acquisition, the range of crossline is too short to fit the condition of area shot synthetics. Least-squares principle is apply in imaging theory in order to introduce the area shot method for land 3d seismic acquisition . In order to for solve problem of complex hydrocarbon reservoir, the computation resources needed, and the imaging result, we conduct a experiment of area shot method through 3d data of Daqing SW area. The experiment show prospect of the potential applications.
引文
[1]李庆忠.对宽方位角三维采集不要盲从一到底什么叫“全三维采集”[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):121～125.
[2] Wu Rushan, Toksoz M N. diffraction tomography and multisource holography applied to seismic imaging [J].Geophysics , 1987,52(1): 11-25.
[3]李幼铭.尹峰,顾本立.用位移谱分量比值资料研究二维非均匀介质层析成像[A].见:八十年代中国地球物理学进 展,北京:学术书刊出版社,1989,401～409.
[4] Liu Hong,Li Youming,Gao Xing.An Improvement in the Maximum or Minimum Cross Entropy Method in the Crosswell Ray To-mography[J]. Acoustical Imaging ,1993, 20:657-662.
[5] Schuster G T,Hu J. Green's Functions for migration:Continuous recording geometry [J]. Geophysics, 2000,65(1):167 - 175.
[6]Gardner G H F. A Canning AvA analysis after velocity-independent DMO and imaging [J]. Geophysics ,1998, 63(2):686 -691.
[7] Forel D, Gardner, G H F. A three-dimensional perspective on two-dimensional dip moveout[J].Geophysics, 1988, 53(2):604-610.
[8] Miller D, Oristaglio M, Beylkin G. A new slant on seismic imaging:migration and integral geometry[J] .Geophysics, 1987,52(3):943-964.
[9] Ronen S, Liner C L. Least-squares DMO and migration[J].Geophysics, 2000, 65(5): 1364-1371.
[10] Schleicher J, Hubral P, Tygel M, Jaya M S. Minimum apertures and Fresnel zones in migration and demigration [J].Geo-physics. 1997. 62(1): 183-194.
[11]Schleicher J, Tygel M,and Hubral P. 3-D true-amplitude finite offset migration[J]. Geophysics. 1993, 58(4): 1112 - 1126.
[12] Sun J. Limited-aperture migration [J] .Geophysics, 2000. 65(3):584-595.
[13]Sun J. On the limited-aperture migration in two dimensions [J]. Geophysics.1998, 59(5): 1582-1588.
[14] Popovici A M. 3-D weve-equation prestack depth migration prestack depth migration[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.70th Ann internat.Mtg Abstract[C],2000,493-496.
[15] Mosher C C,Foster D J.Common angle imaging conditions for pre-stack depth migration[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.70thAnn Intemat.Mtg Abstract[C],2000, 830-833.
[16] Jin Shengwen ,Mosher C C.3-D prestack wave equation common offset pseudo-screen depth migration[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geo-Phys.70th Ann Internat.Mtg Abstract[C],2000,842-845.
[17]Stoffa P L ,Fokkema J T,de Luna Freire R M,Kessinger W P.Split ~step Fourier migration[J].Geophysics,1990,56,(2):410- 421.
[18]Ristow D,Ruhl T.Fourier finite-difference migration[J].Geophysics,199459(12):1882-1893.
[19]Ru-Shan Wu,Yongzhong Wang ,Jinghuai Gao.Beamlet migration based on local perturbation theory[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geo-phys.70th Ann Internat.Mtg Abstract[C].2000,1008-1011.
[20] Wu R S. Wide-angle elastic wave one-way propagation in heterogenreous media and an elastic wave comple-screen method[J],Journal of Geophysical Research ,1994,99(B1):751-766.
[21] Yang Hui, Liu Hong Li Youming, Wang Chunmei, Bi Min. The Application of Symplectic Depth Prestack Migration in Daqing XJWZ Area[A]. In: Soc. Expl. Geophys. the 70th Ann. SEG. Meeting[C], 2000, 882-885.
[22]陈湛文,尹峰,李幼铭,等.弹性介质中密度与拉梅常数的衍射层析成像方法研究[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(2): 234～242。
[23] F Billette,R Clarke,J Etgen,et al .Common-offset common-azimuth full volume 3-D prestack depth migration methodology[A]. In: Soc. Expl. Geophys. 70th Ann Internat. Mtg Abstract [C], 2000,858-861.
[24] P Sava. Prestack Stolt residual migration for migration velocity analysis [A], In: Soc. Expl. Geophys. 70th Ann Internat. MtgAbstract[C], 2000, 992 - 995.
[25] L Vaillant, H Calandra, elfaquitaine P,et al.3-D wave-equation imaging of a North Sea dataset: common-azimuth migration +residual migration[A], In: Soc. Expl. Geophys. 70th Ann Internat. Mtg Abstract[C], 2000, 871 -877.
[26] A J Berkhout and D J Verschuur. CFP approach to multi-component imaging[A],In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.70th Ann Internat.Mtg Abstract[C]. 2000, 774 - 777.
[2] Wu Rushan, Toksoz M N. diffraction tomography and multisource holography applied to seismic imaging [J].Geophysics , 1987,52(1): 11-25.
[3]李幼铭.尹峰,顾本立.用位移谱分量比值资料研究二维非均匀介质层析成像[A].见:八十年代中国地球物理学进 展,北京:学术书刊出版社,1989,401～409.
[4] Liu Hong,Li Youming,Gao Xing.An Improvement in the Maximum or Minimum Cross Entropy Method in the Crosswell Ray To-mography[J]. Acoustical Imaging ,1993, 20:657-662.
[5] Schuster G T,Hu J. Green's Functions for migration:Continuous recording geometry [J]. Geophysics, 2000,65(1):167 - 175.
[6]Gardner G H F. A Canning AvA analysis after velocity-independent DMO and imaging [J]. Geophysics ,1998, 63(2):686 -691.
[7] Forel D, Gardner, G H F. A three-dimensional perspective on two-dimensional dip moveout[J].Geophysics, 1988, 53(2):604-610.
[8] Miller D, Oristaglio M, Beylkin G. A new slant on seismic imaging:migration and integral geometry[J] .Geophysics, 1987,52(3):943-964.
[9] Ronen S, Liner C L. Least-squares DMO and migration[J].Geophysics, 2000, 65(5): 1364-1371.
[10] Schleicher J, Hubral P, Tygel M, Jaya M S. Minimum apertures and Fresnel zones in migration and demigration [J].Geo-physics. 1997. 62(1): 183-194.
[11]Schleicher J, Tygel M,and Hubral P. 3-D true-amplitude finite offset migration[J]. Geophysics. 1993, 58(4): 1112 - 1126.
[12] Sun J. Limited-aperture migration [J] .Geophysics, 2000. 65(3):584-595.
[13]Sun J. On the limited-aperture migration in two dimensions [J]. Geophysics.1998, 59(5): 1582-1588.
[14] Popovici A M. 3-D weve-equation prestack depth migration prestack depth migration[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.70th Ann internat.Mtg Abstract[C],2000,493-496.
[15] Mosher C C,Foster D J.Common angle imaging conditions for pre-stack depth migration[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.70thAnn Intemat.Mtg Abstract[C],2000, 830-833.
[16] Jin Shengwen ,Mosher C C.3-D prestack wave equation common offset pseudo-screen depth migration[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geo-Phys.70th Ann Internat.Mtg Abstract[C],2000,842-845.
[17]Stoffa P L ,Fokkema J T,de Luna Freire R M,Kessinger W P.Split ~step Fourier migration[J].Geophysics,1990,56,(2):410- 421.
[18]Ristow D,Ruhl T.Fourier finite-difference migration[J].Geophysics,199459(12):1882-1893.
[19]Ru-Shan Wu,Yongzhong Wang ,Jinghuai Gao.Beamlet migration based on local perturbation theory[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geo-phys.70th Ann Internat.Mtg Abstract[C].2000,1008-1011.
[20] Wu R S. Wide-angle elastic wave one-way propagation in heterogenreous media and an elastic wave comple-screen method[J],Journal of Geophysical Research ,1994,99(B1):751-766.
[21] Yang Hui, Liu Hong Li Youming, Wang Chunmei, Bi Min. The Application of Symplectic Depth Prestack Migration in Daqing XJWZ Area[A]. In: Soc. Expl. Geophys. the 70th Ann. SEG. Meeting[C], 2000, 882-885.
[22]陈湛文,尹峰,李幼铭,等.弹性介质中密度与拉梅常数的衍射层析成像方法研究[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(2): 234～242。
[23] F Billette,R Clarke,J Etgen,et al .Common-offset common-azimuth full volume 3-D prestack depth migration methodology[A]. In: Soc. Expl. Geophys. 70th Ann Internat. Mtg Abstract [C], 2000,858-861.
[24] P Sava. Prestack Stolt residual migration for migration velocity analysis [A], In: Soc. Expl. Geophys. 70th Ann Internat. MtgAbstract[C], 2000, 992 - 995.
[25] L Vaillant, H Calandra, elfaquitaine P,et al.3-D wave-equation imaging of a North Sea dataset: common-azimuth migration +residual migration[A], In: Soc. Expl. Geophys. 70th Ann Internat. Mtg Abstract[C], 2000, 871 -877.
[26] A J Berkhout and D J Verschuur. CFP approach to multi-component imaging[A],In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.70th Ann Internat.Mtg Abstract[C]. 2000, 774 - 777.
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