微地震监测技术在矿井灾害防治中的应用
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摘要
煤矿中发生的岩爆、煤和瓦斯突出、出水等地质灾害 ,与岩体中的微地震现象有着必然的联系。首先介绍了微观尺度下声发射的力学机理。其次通过对微地震现象的定位和一些参数如频率、能量、分维数等的分析 ,说明了它们在灾害预报中的作用。已有的观测结果表明 ,频率的降低、大能量事件发生和分维数的减少都预示着地质灾害即将发生 ;然后归纳了采矿活动导致的岩石破裂产生的微震的力学机理 ,可分为高垂直应力、低侧压 ,高侧压、低垂直应力等 4种剪切类型 ;最后介绍了澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织 (CSIRO)与我国的兴隆庄煤矿进行的微地震方面的研究与合作 ,指出利用微地震来预报地质灾害和防灾减灾未来前景广阔
The geological disasters in coal mines such as rockburst, coal and gas outburst and water inrush have inevitable relationship with the microseismic (MS) events in rockmass. The paper presents the micro mechanism of acoustic emission (AE), analyzes the location of MS events and some parameters such as AE frequency, AE energy and fractal number and describes their role in disaster forcasting. The observation results show that decreased frequecy, large energy events occurence and reduced fractal number all betoken a coming geological disaster. The mechanism of microseismic envents due to mining- induced rock fracture is summarised and classified into four types of shearing, namely high vertical stress, low side pressure, high side pressure and low vertical stress. The Sino-Australian (CSIRO) joint research on microseism in Xinglongzhuang Coal Mine is presented. It is pointed out that forcasting the geological disasters and their prevention and reduction by MS has a broad prospect.
The geological disasters in coal mines such as rockburst, coal and gas outburst and water inrush have inevitable relationship with the microseismic (MS) events in rockmass. The paper presents the micro mechanism of acoustic emission (AE), analyzes the location of MS events and some parameters such as AE frequency, AE energy and fractal number and describes their role in disaster forcasting. The observation results show that decreased frequecy, large energy events occurence and reduced fractal number all betoken a coming geological disaster. The mechanism of microseismic envents due to mining- induced rock fracture is summarised and classified into four types of shearing, namely high vertical stress, low side pressure, high side pressure and low vertical stress. The Sino-Australian (CSIRO) joint research on microseism in Xinglongzhuang Coal Mine is presented. It is pointed out that forcasting the geological disasters and their prevention and reduction by MS has a broad prospect.
引文
1 樊运晓单轴压缩实验下裂纹闭合阶段岩石KAISER效应的研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6):793～796
2 陈忠辉,唐春安,徐小荷,等.岩石声发射KAISER效应的理论和实验研究中国有色金属学报,1997,7(1):9～12
3 陈 枫,孙宗颀,徐纪成.岩石压剪断裂过程中的超声波波谱特性研究.工程地质学报,2000,8(2):164～168
4 吴 刚,赵震洋.不同应力状态下岩石类材料破坏的声发射特性岩土工程学报,1998,20(2):82～85
5 唐绍辉,吴壮军岩石声发射活动规律的理论与实验研究矿业研究与开发,2000,20(1):16～18
6 傅宇方,唐春安.岩石声发射KAISER效应的数值模拟实验研究.力学与实践,2000(22):42～44
7 许昭永,等.岩石在破裂孕育过程中声发射变化特征的物理机制研究.中国地震,1994,10(3):293～302
8 GeBaochen,etal.InterpretationofphysicalstatusofarrivalpicksforMSsourcelocation.BullUSA ,Seism.vol.Soc.Am.,1990,80:1643～1660
9 张兴民,于克君,席京德,等.微地震技术在煤矿两带监测领域的研究与应用.煤炭学报,2000,25(6):566～570
10刘建新.岩石破裂声发射实验研究.北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所.2002
11陶纪南,张克利,郑晋峰.岩石破坏过程声发射特征参数的研究岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(增):452～455
12沈功田,耿荣生,刘时风.声发射信号的参数分析方法.无损检测,2002(2):72～77
13胜山邦久.声发射(AE)技术的应用.北京:冶金工业出版社,1996
14姜福兴,XunLuo.微震监测技术在矿井岩层破裂监测中的应用岩土工程学报,2002,24(2):147～149
15XunLuo,Microseismicmonitoring.http://www.cat.csiro.au./dem/msg/seismic/seismic.html
2 陈忠辉,唐春安,徐小荷,等.岩石声发射KAISER效应的理论和实验研究中国有色金属学报,1997,7(1):9～12
3 陈 枫,孙宗颀,徐纪成.岩石压剪断裂过程中的超声波波谱特性研究.工程地质学报,2000,8(2):164～168
4 吴 刚,赵震洋.不同应力状态下岩石类材料破坏的声发射特性岩土工程学报,1998,20(2):82～85
5 唐绍辉,吴壮军岩石声发射活动规律的理论与实验研究矿业研究与开发,2000,20(1):16～18
6 傅宇方,唐春安.岩石声发射KAISER效应的数值模拟实验研究.力学与实践,2000(22):42～44
7 许昭永,等.岩石在破裂孕育过程中声发射变化特征的物理机制研究.中国地震,1994,10(3):293～302
8 GeBaochen,etal.InterpretationofphysicalstatusofarrivalpicksforMSsourcelocation.BullUSA ,Seism.vol.Soc.Am.,1990,80:1643～1660
9 张兴民,于克君,席京德,等.微地震技术在煤矿两带监测领域的研究与应用.煤炭学报,2000,25(6):566～570
10刘建新.岩石破裂声发射实验研究.北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所.2002
11陶纪南,张克利,郑晋峰.岩石破坏过程声发射特征参数的研究岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(增):452～455
12沈功田,耿荣生,刘时风.声发射信号的参数分析方法.无损检测,2002(2):72～77
13胜山邦久.声发射(AE)技术的应用.北京:冶金工业出版社,1996
14姜福兴,XunLuo.微震监测技术在矿井岩层破裂监测中的应用岩土工程学报,2002,24(2):147～149
15XunLuo,Microseismicmonitoring.http://www.cat.csiro.au./dem/msg/seismic/seismic.html
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