汶川地震砂砾土液化现象及现场确认实验
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摘要
通过汶川8.0级地震中不同地区、不同烈度的4个典型液化场地宏观现象分析以及现场测试,确认了汶川地震天然砂砾土液化的真实性并初步研究了其特征。结果表明汶川地震中砂砾土液化是真实存在的,4个场地均为砂砾土液化。地表喷出物与实际液化土类差异显著,而上覆非液化层厚度是影响地表是否可能喷出砾石的主要因素。重型动力触探击数是值得推荐的砂砾土液化判别的指标,若采用剪切波速指标则需要将砂砾土进行分类处理,需考虑含砾量、平均粒径等指标的影响。
In terms of detailed investigation for 4 typical liquefied sites which are located in 3 different seismic intensity regions,the gravel soil liquefaction phenomena in the Wenchuan Earthquake are confirmed and the characteristics of the liquefied gravel soil are briefly analyzed.The results show that: The liquefied soils of 4 typical test sites are gravel soils;The ejected soils have notable difference with the liquefied soils,and the depth of the upper non-liquefied soil played a major role in the possibility of gravel ejecting from underground;The heavy dynamic cone penetration test is strongly recommended for gravel soil liquefaction potential evaluation,while the effect of gravel content and average particle diameter should be considered carefully when the shear wave velocity is adopted for analyzing the gravel soil liquefaction.
In terms of detailed investigation for 4 typical liquefied sites which are located in 3 different seismic intensity regions,the gravel soil liquefaction phenomena in the Wenchuan Earthquake are confirmed and the characteristics of the liquefied gravel soil are briefly analyzed.The results show that: The liquefied soils of 4 typical test sites are gravel soils;The ejected soils have notable difference with the liquefied soils,and the depth of the upper non-liquefied soil played a major role in the possibility of gravel ejecting from underground;The heavy dynamic cone penetration test is strongly recommended for gravel soil liquefaction potential evaluation,while the effect of gravel content and average particle diameter should be considered carefully when the shear wave velocity is adopted for analyzing the gravel soil liquefaction.
引文
[1]张春梅,冯玉芹,王英浩.砂土地震液化危害及地基处理研究[J].世界地震工程,2007,23(3):133-137.
[2]任红梅,吕西林,李培振.饱和砂土液化研究进展[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(6):166-174.
[3]中国科学院工程力学研究所.海城地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.
[4]刘恢先.唐山大地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.
[5]刘惠珊.1995年阪神大地震的液化特点[J].工程抗震,2001,(1):22-26.
[6]GB50011-2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].
[7]YOUD T L,IDR ISS IM.L iquefaction resistance of soils:summary report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF workshops on evaluationof liquefaction resistance of soils[J].Journal of Geotechn ical and Geoenvironm ent Engineering,2001,127(4):297-313.
[8]袁晓铭,曹振中,孙锐,等.汶川8.0级地震液化特征初步研究[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2009,28(6),1288-1296.
[9]GB50021-2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].
[10]DB51/T5026-2001成都地区建筑地基基础设计规范[S].
[11]何银武.论成都盆地的成生时代及其早期沉积物的一般特征[J].地质论评,1992,38(2):149-156.
[12]钱洪,唐荣昌.成都平原的形成与演化[J].四川地震,1997,(3):1-7.
[13]刘惠珊.砾石的液化判别探讨[C]∥第五届全国地震工程学术会议论文.北京,1998:183-188.
[2]任红梅,吕西林,李培振.饱和砂土液化研究进展[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(6):166-174.
[3]中国科学院工程力学研究所.海城地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.
[4]刘恢先.唐山大地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.
[5]刘惠珊.1995年阪神大地震的液化特点[J].工程抗震,2001,(1):22-26.
[6]GB50011-2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].
[7]YOUD T L,IDR ISS IM.L iquefaction resistance of soils:summary report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF workshops on evaluationof liquefaction resistance of soils[J].Journal of Geotechn ical and Geoenvironm ent Engineering,2001,127(4):297-313.
[8]袁晓铭,曹振中,孙锐,等.汶川8.0级地震液化特征初步研究[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2009,28(6),1288-1296.
[9]GB50021-2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].
[10]DB51/T5026-2001成都地区建筑地基基础设计规范[S].
[11]何银武.论成都盆地的成生时代及其早期沉积物的一般特征[J].地质论评,1992,38(2):149-156.
[12]钱洪,唐荣昌.成都平原的形成与演化[J].四川地震,1997,(3):1-7.
[13]刘惠珊.砾石的液化判别探讨[C]∥第五届全国地震工程学术会议论文.北京,1998:183-188.
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