彗木相撞中的波动
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摘要
1994年7月18日至24日期间,彗星苏梅克-列维9(SL-9)的超过20块碎片与木星发生了相撞.哈勃空间望远镜(HST)拍摄到的图像揭示了木星大气对撞击的动力学响应.具有重要意义的是观测到5个撞击点周围的圆环,它们以450米/秒的常速度向外运动.环的圆形性表明它们是波.因为对于不同大小的撞击,波速是常量,可以推断出传播速度与爆炸能量无关.这意味着这些波动是线性波. 评述现行理论所使用的3类候选波,亦即惯性引力波、声波和地震波,介绍的重点是前面两种.
During the period 18-24 July 1994,over 20 fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with Jupiter.Images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope bring to light the dynamic responses of Jupiter's atmosphere to the impact of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9. The importances are the observed circular rings surrounding five of the impact sites and spreading outward at a constant velocity of 450m/s.The circularity of the rings suggested that they are waves.Beacause the wave speed appears to be constant for impacts of varying sizes,it is inferred that the propagation velocity is independent of explosion energy which implies a linear wave.
We provide a review on three candidate wave types of the impact-induced waves used by current theories, i.e. inertia-gravity waves,acoustic waves and seismic waves,with emphasis on the former two types.
During the period 18-24 July 1994,over 20 fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with Jupiter.Images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope bring to light the dynamic responses of Jupiter's atmosphere to the impact of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9. The importances are the observed circular rings surrounding five of the impact sites and spreading outward at a constant velocity of 450m/s.The circularity of the rings suggested that they are waves.Beacause the wave speed appears to be constant for impacts of varying sizes,it is inferred that the propagation velocity is independent of explosion energy which implies a linear wave.
We provide a review on three candidate wave types of the impact-induced waves used by current theories, i.e. inertia-gravity waves,acoustic waves and seismic waves,with emphasis on the former two types.
引文
1 Ingersoll A P, Kanamori H. Geophysical Research Letters, 1994, 21: 1083-1086
2 Zhang K, Jones C, Chen D. "An Incompressible Stratified Fluid Model of the Comet's Collision with Jupiter" (to be published)
3 Ingersoll A P, Kanamori H. Nature, 1995, 374: 706-708
4 Chen D, Zhang K, Earth, Moon and Planets, 1996, 73: 23-32
5 Collins Michael D, McDonald B Edward , Kuperman W.A et al, J Acoust Soc Am, 1995, 97(4) :2147-2158
6 Harrington Joseph, LeBeau Jr Raymond P, Backes Karl A, et al, Nature, 1994, 368: 525-527
7 Gill A E, Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics, San Diego: Academic Press, 1982
8 Walterscheid R L, Brinkman D G, Schubert G. ICARUS, 2000, 145: 140-146
9 Collins Michael D, McDonald B Edward, Kuperman W A, et al, J Acoust Soc Am, 1997, 102(5) :2487-2493
10 Marley Mark S., The Astrophysical Journal, 1994, 427: L63-L66
11 Lognonne P, Mosser B, Dahlen F A, ICARUS, 1994, 110: 180-195
2 Zhang K, Jones C, Chen D. "An Incompressible Stratified Fluid Model of the Comet's Collision with Jupiter" (to be published)
3 Ingersoll A P, Kanamori H. Nature, 1995, 374: 706-708
4 Chen D, Zhang K, Earth, Moon and Planets, 1996, 73: 23-32
5 Collins Michael D, McDonald B Edward , Kuperman W.A et al, J Acoust Soc Am, 1995, 97(4) :2147-2158
6 Harrington Joseph, LeBeau Jr Raymond P, Backes Karl A, et al, Nature, 1994, 368: 525-527
7 Gill A E, Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics, San Diego: Academic Press, 1982
8 Walterscheid R L, Brinkman D G, Schubert G. ICARUS, 2000, 145: 140-146
9 Collins Michael D, McDonald B Edward, Kuperman W A, et al, J Acoust Soc Am, 1997, 102(5) :2487-2493
10 Marley Mark S., The Astrophysical Journal, 1994, 427: L63-L66
11 Lognonne P, Mosser B, Dahlen F A, ICARUS, 1994, 110: 180-195
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